add documentation and changelog for default object fields (#20845)

changelog.md

@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@
 
 - `logging` will default to flushing all log level messages. To get the legacy behaviour of only flushing Error and Fatal messages, use `-d:nimV1LogFlushBehavior`.
 
+- Object fields now support default values, see https://nim-lang.github.io/Nim/manual.html#types-default-values-for-object-fields for details.
+
 ## Standard library additions and changes
 
 [//]: # "Changes:"

doc/manual.md

@@ -1950,6 +1950,57 @@ Some restrictions for case objects can be disabled via a `{.cast(uncheckedAssign
     t.kind = intLit
   ```
 
+Default values for object fields
+--------------------------------
+
+Object fields are allowed to have a constant default value. The type of field can be omitted if a default value is given.
+
+```nim test
+type
+  Foo = object
+    a: int = 2
+    b: float = 3.14
+    c = "I can have a default value"
+
+  Bar = ref object
+    a: int = 2
+    b: float = 3.14
+    c = "I can have a default value"
+```
+
+The explicit initialization uses these defaults which includes an `object` created with an object construction expression or the procedure `default`; a `ref object` created with an object construction expression or the procedure `new`; an array or a tuple with a subtype which has a default created with the procedure `default`.
+
+
+```nim test
+type
+  Foo = object
+    a: int = 2
+    b = 3.0
+  Bar = ref object
+    a: int = 2
+    b = 3.0
+
+block: # created with an object construction expression
+  let x = Foo()
+  assert x.a == 2 and x.b == 3.0
+
+  let y = Bar()
+  assert y.a == 2 and y.b == 3.0
+
+block: # created with an object construction expression
+  let x = default(Foo)
+  assert x.a == 2 and x.b == 3.0
+
+  let y = default(array[1, Foo])
+  assert y[0].a == 2 and y[0].b == 3.0
+
+  let z = default(tuple[x: Foo])
+  assert z.x.a == 2 and z.x.b == 3.0
+
+block: # created with the procedure `new`
+  let y = new Bar
+  assert y.a == 2 and y.b == 3.0
+```
 
 Set type
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