System cleanup, part 2 (#13155)

* create basic_types, arithmetics, exceptions, comparisons
* create setops.nim
* create memalloc.nim
* create gc_interface.nim
* create iterators_1.nim

lib/system/exceptions.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+type
+  RootEffect* {.compilerproc.} = object of RootObj ## \
+    ## Base effect class.
+    ##
+    ## Each effect should inherit from `RootEffect` unless you know what
+    ## you're doing.
+  TimeEffect* = object of RootEffect   ## Time effect.
+  IOEffect* = object of RootEffect     ## IO effect.
+  ReadIOEffect* = object of IOEffect   ## Effect describing a read IO operation.
+  WriteIOEffect* = object of IOEffect  ## Effect describing a write IO operation.
+  ExecIOEffect* = object of IOEffect   ## Effect describing an executing IO operation.
+
+  StackTraceEntry* = object ## In debug mode exceptions store the stack trace that led
+                            ## to them. A `StackTraceEntry` is a single entry of the
+                            ## stack trace.
+    procname*: cstring      ## Name of the proc that is currently executing.
+    line*: int              ## Line number of the proc that is currently executing.
+    filename*: cstring      ## Filename of the proc that is currently executing.
+
+  Exception* {.compilerproc, magic: "Exception".} = object of RootObj ## \
+    ## Base exception class.
+    ##
+    ## Each exception has to inherit from `Exception`. See the full `exception
+    ## hierarchy <manual.html#exception-handling-exception-hierarchy>`_.
+    parent*: ref Exception ## Parent exception (can be used as a stack).
+    name*: cstring         ## The exception's name is its Nim identifier.
+                           ## This field is filled automatically in the
+                           ## ``raise`` statement.
+    msg* {.exportc: "message".}: string ## The exception's message. Not
+                                        ## providing an exception message
+                                        ## is bad style.
+    when defined(js):
+      trace: string
+    else:
+      trace: seq[StackTraceEntry]
+    when defined(nimBoostrapCsources0_19_0):
+      # see #10315, bootstrap with `nim cpp` from csources gave error:
+      # error: no member named 'raise_id' in 'Exception'
+      raise_id: uint # set when exception is raised
+    else:
+      raiseId: uint # set when exception is raised
+    up: ref Exception # used for stacking exceptions. Not exported!
+
+  Defect* = object of Exception ## \
+    ## Abstract base class for all exceptions that Nim's runtime raises
+    ## but that are strictly uncatchable as they can also be mapped to
+    ## a ``quit`` / ``trap`` / ``exit`` operation.
+
+  CatchableError* = object of Exception ## \
+    ## Abstract class for all exceptions that are catchable.
+  IOError* = object of CatchableError ## \
+    ## Raised if an IO error occurred.
+  EOFError* = object of IOError ## \
+    ## Raised if an IO "end of file" error occurred.
+  OSError* = object of CatchableError ## \
+    ## Raised if an operating system service failed.
+    errorCode*: int32 ## OS-defined error code describing this error.
+  LibraryError* = object of OSError ## \
+    ## Raised if a dynamic library could not be loaded.
+  ResourceExhaustedError* = object of CatchableError ## \
+    ## Raised if a resource request could not be fulfilled.
+  ArithmeticError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if any kind of arithmetic error occurred.
+  DivByZeroError* = object of ArithmeticError ## \
+    ## Raised for runtime integer divide-by-zero errors.
+
+  OverflowError* = object of ArithmeticError ## \
+    ## Raised for runtime integer overflows.
+    ##
+    ## This happens for calculations whose results are too large to fit in the
+    ## provided bits.
+  AccessViolationError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised for invalid memory access errors
+  AssertionError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised when assertion is proved wrong.
+    ##
+    ## Usually the result of using the `assert() template
+    ## <assertions.html#assert.t,untyped,string>`_.
+  ValueError* = object of CatchableError ## \
+    ## Raised for string and object conversion errors.
+  KeyError* = object of ValueError ## \
+    ## Raised if a key cannot be found in a table.
+    ##
+    ## Mostly used by the `tables <tables.html>`_ module, it can also be raised
+    ## by other collection modules like `sets <sets.html>`_ or `strtabs
+    ## <strtabs.html>`_.
+  OutOfMemError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised for unsuccessful attempts to allocate memory.
+  IndexError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if an array index is out of bounds.
+
+  FieldError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if a record field is not accessible because its discriminant's
+    ## value does not fit.
+  RangeError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if a range check error occurred.
+  StackOverflowError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if the hardware stack used for subroutine calls overflowed.
+  ReraiseError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if there is no exception to reraise.
+  ObjectAssignmentError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if an object gets assigned to its parent's object.
+  ObjectConversionError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if an object is converted to an incompatible object type.
+    ## You can use ``of`` operator to check if conversion will succeed.
+  FloatingPointError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Base class for floating point exceptions.
+  FloatInvalidOpError* = object of FloatingPointError ## \
+    ## Raised by invalid operations according to IEEE.
+    ##
+    ## Raised by ``0.0/0.0``, for example.
+  FloatDivByZeroError* = object of FloatingPointError ## \
+    ## Raised by division by zero.
+    ##
+    ## Divisor is zero and dividend is a finite nonzero number.
+  FloatOverflowError* = object of FloatingPointError ## \
+    ## Raised for overflows.
+    ##
+    ## The operation produced a result that exceeds the range of the exponent.
+  FloatUnderflowError* = object of FloatingPointError ## \
+    ## Raised for underflows.
+    ##
+    ## The operation produced a result that is too small to be represented as a
+    ## normal number.
+  FloatInexactError* = object of FloatingPointError ## \
+    ## Raised for inexact results.
+    ##
+    ## The operation produced a result that cannot be represented with infinite
+    ## precision -- for example: ``2.0 / 3.0, log(1.1)``
+    ##
+    ## **Note**: Nim currently does not detect these!
+  DeadThreadError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised if it is attempted to send a message to a dead thread.
+  NilAccessError* = object of Defect ## \
+    ## Raised on dereferences of ``nil`` pointers.
+    ##
+    ## This is only raised if the `segfaults module <segfaults.html>`_ was imported!