diff --git a/packages/chess/src/rules/draws.test.ts b/packages/chess/src/rules/draws.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9784bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/chess/src/rules/draws.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import { Session, type EntityId } from "@paratype/rete";
+import {
+  isFiftyMoveDraw,
+  updateHalfmoveClock,
+  resetHalfmoveClock,
+  recordPosition,
+  isThreefoldRepetition,
+  computePositionHash,
+} from "./draws.js";
+import { GAME_ENTITY } from "../schema.js";
+import type { PieceColor, PieceType, Square } from "../schema.js";
+import type { LegalMove } from "./types.js";
+
+function mkSession(): Session {
+  return new Session({ autoFire: false });
+}
+
+function insertPiece(
+  session: Session,
+  id: number,
+  type: PieceType,
+  color: PieceColor,
+  square: Square,
+): EntityId {
+  const eid = id as EntityId;
+  session.insert(eid, "PieceType", type);
+  session.insert(eid, "Color", color);
+  session.insert(eid, "Position", square);
+  return eid;
+}
+
+const noCapNonPawn: LegalMove = {
+  pieceId: 2 as EntityId,
+  from: 0,
+  to: 1,
+  isCapture: false,
+};
+const captureMove: LegalMove = {
+  pieceId: 2 as EntityId,
+  from: 0,
+  to: 1,
+  isCapture: true,
+};
+
+// ─── isFiftyMoveDraw ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("isFiftyMoveDraw", () => {
+  it("false when clock is unset", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    expect(isFiftyMoveDraw(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("false when clock < 100", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 50);
+    expect(isFiftyMoveDraw(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("false at 99 (boundary)", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 99);
+    expect(isFiftyMoveDraw(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("true when clock = 100", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 100);
+    expect(isFiftyMoveDraw(session)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("true when clock > 100", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 105);
+    expect(isFiftyMoveDraw(session)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── updateHalfmoveClock ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("updateHalfmoveClock", () => {
+  it("increments for non-pawn non-capture moves", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 10);
+    updateHalfmoveClock(session, noCapNonPawn, false);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(11);
+  });
+
+  it("starts from 0 when clock is unset and move is non-reset", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    updateHalfmoveClock(session, noCapNonPawn, false);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it("resets on capture", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 50);
+    updateHalfmoveClock(session, captureMove, false);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("resets on pawn move", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 30);
+    updateHalfmoveClock(session, noCapNonPawn, true);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("resets on pawn capture (both conditions true)", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 42);
+    updateHalfmoveClock(session, captureMove, true);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("reaches 100 after 100 non-reset increments → triggers 50-move draw", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 0);
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      updateHalfmoveClock(session, noCapNonPawn, false);
+    }
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(100);
+    expect(isFiftyMoveDraw(session)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── resetHalfmoveClock ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("resetHalfmoveClock", () => {
+  it("sets the clock to 0", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 73);
+    resetHalfmoveClock(session);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("works when the clock was unset", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    resetHalfmoveClock(session);
+    expect(session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock")).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── computePositionHash ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("computePositionHash", () => {
+  it("is deterministic for identical positions", () => {
+    const s1 = mkSession();
+    s1.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(s1, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+
+    const s2 = mkSession();
+    s2.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(s2, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+
+    expect(computePositionHash(s1)).toBe(computePositionHash(s2));
+  });
+
+  it("differs when side-to-move changes", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    const a = computePositionHash(session);
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "black");
+    const b = computePositionHash(session);
+    expect(a).not.toBe(b);
+  });
+
+  it("differs when en passant target changes", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "EnPassantTarget", null);
+    const a = computePositionHash(session);
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "EnPassantTarget", 20);
+    const b = computePositionHash(session);
+    expect(a).not.toBe(b);
+  });
+
+  it("excludes the GAME_ENTITY from piece facts", () => {
+    // GAME_ENTITY is id=0; piece fact filter requires id > 0.
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    // Inserting piece-shaped facts on GAME_ENTITY must NOT affect the hash's
+    // piece-facts slice (they would pollute cross-game comparisons).
+    const hashBefore = computePositionHash(session);
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 5);
+    expect(computePositionHash(session)).toBe(hashBefore);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── threefold repetition ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("threefold repetition", () => {
+  it("not a repetition after 1 occurrence", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("not a repetition after 2 occurrences", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("detected after 3 occurrences", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("still detected after 4+ occurrences", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    recordPosition(session);
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("different positions don't trigger repetition", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session); // position A, count 1
+
+    // Change position → new hash
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 5);
+    recordPosition(session); // position B, count 1
+
+    // Change back → back to position A
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 4);
+    recordPosition(session); // position A, count 2
+
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("tracks each distinct position separately", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session); // A:1
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 5);
+    recordPosition(session); // B:1
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 4);
+    recordPosition(session); // A:2
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 5);
+    recordPosition(session); // B:2
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 4);
+    recordPosition(session); // A:3 → repetition!
+
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(true);
+
+    // B is not yet threefold
+    session.insert(1 as EntityId, "Position", 5);
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("turn change produces a different hash (so same board with different side to move counts separately)", () => {
+    const session = mkSession();
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    insertPiece(session, 1, "king", "white", 4);
+    recordPosition(session); // white-to-move: count 1
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "black");
+    recordPosition(session); // black-to-move: count 1
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "Turn", "white");
+    recordPosition(session); // white-to-move: count 2
+    expect(isThreefoldRepetition(session)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/chess/src/rules/draws.ts b/packages/chess/src/rules/draws.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cee5aec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/chess/src/rules/draws.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/**
+ * Draw rules (P2.21): 50-move rule and threefold repetition.
+ *
+ * 50-move rule:
+ *   Draw if 50 consecutive full moves (= 100 half-moves / plies) occur with
+ *   neither a pawn move nor a capture. Tracked via the `HalfmoveClock`
+ *   game-level fact, which increments each ply and resets on a pawn move
+ *   or capture.
+ *
+ * Threefold repetition:
+ *   Draw may be claimed when the same position appears three times. A
+ *   "position" here is the hash of all piece placements + side-to-move +
+ *   en passant target. Since the EAV store has no native map/array, each
+ *   position hash is stored as a derived attribute on `GAME_ENTITY` of
+ *   the form `PH_{hash}` whose value is a count.
+ *
+ * Neither helper auto-claims the draw — they only expose detection. A
+ * higher-level game manager decides whether to end the game.
+ */
+import type { Session } from "@paratype/rete";
+import { GAME_ENTITY } from "../schema.js";
+import type { LegalMove } from "./types.js";
+
+/**
+ * Compute a deterministic hash of the current position.
+ *
+ * The hash is derived from:
+ *   - all piece facts (PieceType, Color, Position) for entities with id > 0
+ *   - the side to move (Turn)
+ *   - the en passant target (EnPassantTarget)
+ *
+ * Piece facts are sorted so the hash is independent of insertion order.
+ */
+export function computePositionHash(session: Session): string {
+  const facts = session.allFacts();
+  const pieceFacts = facts
+    .filter(
+      (f) =>
+        (f.id as number) > 0 &&
+        (f.attr === "PieceType" || f.attr === "Color" || f.attr === "Position"),
+    )
+    .map((f) => `${String(f.id)}:${f.attr}=${String(f.value)}`)
+    .sort()
+    .join(",");
+  const turnFact = facts.find((f) => f.id === GAME_ENTITY && f.attr === "Turn");
+  const turn = String(turnFact?.value ?? "white");
+  const epFact = facts.find(
+    (f) => f.id === GAME_ENTITY && f.attr === "EnPassantTarget",
+  );
+  const ep = String(epFact?.value ?? "null");
+  return `${pieceFacts}|${turn}|ep:${ep}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Record the current position in the position-history counter map.
+ * Idempotently increments the `PH_{hash}` counter on GAME_ENTITY.
+ */
+export function recordPosition(session: Session): void {
+  const hash = computePositionHash(session);
+  const attrKey = `PH_${hash}`;
+  const current = (session.get(GAME_ENTITY, attrKey) as number | undefined) ?? 0;
+  session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, attrKey, current + 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Has the current position occurred at least three times?
+ * Does not modify state; callers may combine with `recordPosition`.
+ */
+export function isThreefoldRepetition(session: Session): boolean {
+  const hash = computePositionHash(session);
+  const attrKey = `PH_${hash}`;
+  const count = session.get(GAME_ENTITY, attrKey) as number | undefined;
+  return (count ?? 0) >= 3;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Update the halfmove clock after a move.
+ * Resets to 0 on capture or pawn move; otherwise increments by 1.
+ */
+export function updateHalfmoveClock(
+  session: Session,
+  move: LegalMove,
+  isPawnMove: boolean,
+): void {
+  if (move.isCapture || isPawnMove) {
+    session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 0);
+    return;
+  }
+  const current = (session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock") as number | undefined) ?? 0;
+  session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", current + 1);
+}
+
+/** Reset the halfmove clock to 0. */
+export function resetHalfmoveClock(session: Session): void {
+  session.insert(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock", 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Does the 50-move rule draw apply?
+ * True when the halfmove clock has reached 100 plies (= 50 full moves)
+ * without a capture or pawn move.
+ */
+export function isFiftyMoveDraw(session: Session): boolean {
+  const clock = session.get(GAME_ENTITY, "HalfmoveClock") as number | undefined;
+  return (clock ?? 0) >= 100;
+}