diff --git a/packages/chess/src/rules/board-queries.ts b/packages/chess/src/rules/board-queries.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd55a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/chess/src/rules/board-queries.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/**
+ * Helper functions to query board state from a Session.
+ *
+ * All queries walk `session.allFacts()` (deterministic, sorted order).
+ * These helpers are read-only and have no side effects.
+ */
+import type { Session, EntityId } from "@paratype/rete";
+import type { PieceColor, Square } from "../schema.js";
+
+/** A {pieceId, position, color} triple projected from the working memory. */
+export interface BoardPiece {
+  readonly id: EntityId;
+  readonly position: Square;
+  readonly color: PieceColor;
+}
+
+/** Get all pieces on the board with known Position + Color. */
+export function getBoardPieces(session: Session): BoardPiece[] {
+  const facts = session.allFacts();
+  const result: BoardPiece[] = [];
+  for (const f of facts) {
+    if (f.attr !== "Position") continue;
+    const colorFact = facts.find(c => c.id === f.id && c.attr === "Color");
+    if (colorFact === undefined) continue;
+    result.push({
+      id: f.id,
+      position: f.value as Square,
+      color: colorFact.value as PieceColor,
+    });
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** Is any piece occupying the given square? */
+export function isPieceAt(session: Session, square: Square): boolean {
+  const facts = session.allFacts();
+  for (const f of facts) {
+    if (f.attr === "Position" && f.value === square) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/** Is an enemy piece (color !== myColor) occupying the given square? */
+export function isEnemyAt(session: Session, square: Square, myColor: PieceColor): boolean {
+  const facts = session.allFacts();
+  const positionFact = facts.find(f => f.attr === "Position" && f.value === square);
+  if (positionFact === undefined) return false;
+  const colorFact = facts.find(f => f.id === positionFact.id && f.attr === "Color");
+  if (colorFact === undefined) return false;
+  return colorFact.value !== myColor;
+}
+
+/** Is an ally piece (color === myColor) occupying the given square? */
+export function isAllyAt(session: Session, square: Square, myColor: PieceColor): boolean {
+  const facts = session.allFacts();
+  const positionFact = facts.find(f => f.attr === "Position" && f.value === square);
+  if (positionFact === undefined) return false;
+  const colorFact = facts.find(f => f.id === positionFact.id && f.attr === "Color");
+  if (colorFact === undefined) return false;
+  return colorFact.value === myColor;
+}
+
+/** Get a piece's current position. Returns null if not found. */
+export function getPiecePosition(session: Session, pieceId: EntityId): Square | null {
+  const value = session.get(pieceId, "Position");
+  return value === undefined ? null : (value as Square);
+}
+
+/** Get a piece's color. Returns null if not found. */
+export function getPieceColor(session: Session, pieceId: EntityId): PieceColor | null {
+  const value = session.get(pieceId, "Color");
+  return value === undefined ? null : (value as PieceColor);
+}
+
+/** Get the piece entity ID at a given square (or null). */
+export function getPieceAt(session: Session, square: Square): EntityId | null {
+  const facts = session.allFacts();
+  const positionFact = facts.find(f => f.attr === "Position" && f.value === square);
+  return positionFact === undefined ? null : positionFact.id;
+}
diff --git a/packages/chess/src/rules/pawn.test.ts b/packages/chess/src/rules/pawn.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a97952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/chess/src/rules/pawn.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import { Session, type EntityId } from "@paratype/rete";
+import { getLegalPawnMoves } from "./pawn.js";
+import type { PieceColor, PieceType, Square } from "../schema.js";
+
+function setupSession(): Session {
+  return new Session({ autoFire: false });
+}
+
+function insertPiece(
+  session: Session,
+  id: number,
+  type: PieceType,
+  color: PieceColor,
+  square: Square,
+): EntityId {
+  const eid = id as EntityId;
+  session.insert(eid, "PieceType", type);
+  session.insert(eid, "Color", color);
+  session.insert(eid, "Position", square);
+  return eid;
+}
+
+// ─── White pawn ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("getLegalPawnMoves — white pawn", () => {
+  it("pawn at e2 (12) can move to e3 (20) and e4 (28)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 12); // e2
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    const tos = moves.map(m => m.to).sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    expect(tos).toEqual([20, 28]);
+    expect(moves.every(m => !m.isCapture)).toBe(true);
+    expect(moves).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it("pawn at e3 (20) can only move to e4 (28) — no double advance off home rank", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 20); // e3
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves.map(m => m.to)).toEqual([28]);
+  });
+
+  it("pawn at e2 blocked on e3 has zero moves (no jumping)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 12); // e2
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "rook", "black", 20); // e3 blocker
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("pawn at e2 with e3 clear but e4 blocked: only single advance allowed", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 12); // e2
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "rook", "black", 28); // e4 blocker
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves.map(m => m.to)).toEqual([20]);
+  });
+
+  it("pawn can capture diagonally when enemy present on both diagonals", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 28); // e4
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "pawn", "black", 35); // d5
+    insertPiece(session, 3, "pawn", "black", 37); // f5
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    const captures = moves.filter(m => m.isCapture);
+    expect(captures).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(captures.map(m => m.to).sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([35, 37]);
+    // forward push to e5 (36) still allowed — no blocker
+    expect(moves.some(m => m.to === 36 && !m.isCapture)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("pawn cannot capture diagonally without an enemy", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 28); // e4
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves.filter(m => m.isCapture)).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("pawn cannot capture own piece", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 28); // e4
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "knight", "white", 35); // ally at d5
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves.filter(m => m.to === 35)).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("edge-file pawn has only one capture diagonal (a-file)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 24); // a4
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "pawn", "black", 33); // b5
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    const captures = moves.filter(m => m.isCapture);
+    expect(captures).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(captures[0]!.to).toBe(33);
+  });
+
+  it("edge-file pawn has only one capture diagonal (h-file)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "white", 31); // h4
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "pawn", "black", 38); // g5
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    const captures = moves.filter(m => m.isCapture);
+    expect(captures).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(captures[0]!.to).toBe(38);
+  });
+
+  it("returns LegalMove objects carrying pieceId and from square", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 7, "pawn", "white", 12); // e2
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    for (const m of moves) {
+      expect(m.pieceId).toBe(pawn);
+      expect(m.from).toBe(12);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── Black pawn ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("getLegalPawnMoves — black pawn", () => {
+  it("black pawn at e7 (52) can move to e6 (44) and e5 (36)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "black", 52); // e7
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    const tos = moves.map(m => m.to).sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    expect(tos).toEqual([36, 44]);
+    expect(moves.every(m => !m.isCapture)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("black pawn at e6 (44) has only single advance to e5 (36)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "black", 44);
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves.map(m => m.to)).toEqual([36]);
+  });
+
+  it("black pawn can capture diagonally (moves down the board)", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "black", 36); // e5
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "pawn", "white", 27); // d4
+    insertPiece(session, 3, "pawn", "white", 29); // f4
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    const captures = moves.filter(m => m.isCapture);
+    expect(captures.map(m => m.to).sort((a, b) => a - b)).toEqual([27, 29]);
+  });
+
+  it("black pawn blocked on e6 from e7 produces no moves", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const pawn = insertPiece(session, 1, "pawn", "black", 52); // e7
+    insertPiece(session, 2, "rook", "white", 44); // e6 blocker
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, pawn);
+    expect(moves).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── Degenerate inputs ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe("getLegalPawnMoves — degenerate inputs", () => {
+  it("returns [] for an unknown piece id", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, 999 as EntityId);
+    expect(moves).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("returns [] when piece has Position but no Color", () => {
+    const session = setupSession();
+    const eid = 1 as EntityId;
+    session.insert(eid, "Position", 12);
+    const moves = getLegalPawnMoves(session, eid);
+    expect(moves).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/chess/src/rules/pawn.ts b/packages/chess/src/rules/pawn.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f572b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/chess/src/rules/pawn.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Pawn move and capture rules (P2.9).
+ *
+ * Computes the set of legal target squares for a single pawn, given the
+ * current board state in a Session. Handles:
+ *   - single advance (blocked by any piece)
+ *   - double advance from home rank (both squares must be empty)
+ *   - diagonal captures (only when an enemy occupies the diagonal)
+ *
+ * Intentionally NOT handled here (see later phases):
+ *   - en passant       → P2.16
+ *   - promotion choice → P2.17
+ *   - check filtering  → P2.18
+ */
+import type { Session, EntityId } from "@paratype/rete";
+import {
+  pawnSingleAdvance,
+  pawnDoubleAdvance,
+  pawnCaptureSqares,
+} from "./primitives.js";
+import type { LegalMove } from "./types.js";
+import {
+  isPieceAt,
+  isEnemyAt,
+  getPiecePosition,
+  getPieceColor,
+} from "./board-queries.js";
+
+/**
+ * Get all legal pawn moves for a given pawn entity.
+ *
+ * Does not verify that `pieceId` is actually a pawn — the caller is
+ * expected to dispatch on PieceType. If the piece has no Position or
+ * Color fact, returns [].
+ */
+export function getLegalPawnMoves(session: Session, pieceId: EntityId): LegalMove[] {
+  const from = getPiecePosition(session, pieceId);
+  const color = getPieceColor(session, pieceId);
+  if (from === null || color === null) return [];
+
+  const moves: LegalMove[] = [];
+
+  // ─── Single advance ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  const single = pawnSingleAdvance(from, color);
+  const singleClear = single !== null && !isPieceAt(session, single);
+  if (singleClear) {
+    moves.push({ pieceId, from, to: single, isCapture: false });
+  }
+
+  // ─── Double advance ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Requires the single-advance square also to be empty (no jumping).
+  if (singleClear) {
+    const dbl = pawnDoubleAdvance(from, color);
+    if (dbl !== null && !isPieceAt(session, dbl)) {
+      moves.push({ pieceId, from, to: dbl, isCapture: false });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ─── Diagonal captures ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  for (const capSq of pawnCaptureSqares(from, color)) {
+    if (isEnemyAt(session, capSq, color)) {
+      moves.push({ pieceId, from, to: capSq, isCapture: true });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return moves;
+}
diff --git a/packages/chess/src/rules/types.ts b/packages/chess/src/rules/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4c1501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/chess/src/rules/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Shared types for piece-rule modules (pawn.ts, knight.ts, bishop.ts, ...).
+ */
+import type { EntityId } from "@paratype/rete";
+import type { PieceType, Square } from "../schema.js";
+
+/**
+ * A legal move produced by a piece-specific rule module.
+ *
+ * NOTE: "Legal" here means legal w.r.t. the piece's movement + board
+ * occupancy only. It does NOT yet account for:
+ *   - en passant (P2.16)
+ *   - castling (P2.15)
+ *   - promotion choice (P2.17)
+ *   - leaving the king in check (P2.18)
+ */
+export interface LegalMove {
+  readonly pieceId: EntityId;
+  readonly from: Square;
+  readonly to: Square;
+  readonly isCapture: boolean;
+  /** Set for pawn moves that reach the last rank (populated in P2.17). */
+  readonly promoteTo?: PieceType;
+}