diff --git a/newbinding/Makefile b/newbinding/Makefile
index 61227e5..735d4ff 100644
--- a/newbinding/Makefile
+++ b/newbinding/Makefile
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 PYTHON = python
 
-PYMODS = raw_ostream SmallVector Type DerivedTypes StringRef 
-
-PYMODS += LLVMContext AssemblyAnnotationWriter Module
-PYMODS += Value User Constant
-
 all: _api.so _capsule.so
 
 _api.so _capsule.so: api.cpp capsule.cpp
 	$(PYTHON) setup.py build_ext --inplace
 
-api.cpp api.py: src/*.py include/llvm_binding/*.h
-	$(PYTHON) gen.py api src $(PYMODS)
+api.cpp api.py: src/*.py include/llvm_binding/*.h gen.py binding.py
+	$(PYTHON) gen.py api src
 	
 clean: cleantemp
 	rm -f _api.so _capsule.so
diff --git a/newbinding/binding.py b/newbinding/binding.py
index c9de593..fc26d92 100644
--- a/newbinding/binding.py
+++ b/newbinding/binding.py
@@ -1,108 +1,352 @@
-import logging
-import re
-from utils import *
+import functools
+import codegen as cg
 
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_rank = 0
+namespaces = {}
 
-_py2capi_fmtmap = {
-    str: 's#',
-}
+class Namespace(object):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.classes = []
+        self.functions = []
+        namespaces[name] = self
 
-NULL = 'NULL'
+    def Class(self, *bases):
+        cls = Class(self, *bases)
+        self.classes.append(cls)
+        return cls
 
-_symbols = set()
+    def Function(self, *args):
+        fn = Function(self, *args)
+        self.functions.append(fn)
+        return fn
 
-def new_symbol(name):
-    if name in _symbols:
-        ct = 1
-        orig = name
-        while name in _symbols:
-            name = '%s%d' % (orig, ct)
-            ct += 1
-    _symbols.add(name)
-    return name
+    @property
+    def fullname(self):
+        return self.name
 
-def parse_arguments(println, var, *args):
-    typecodes = []
-    holders = []
-    argvals = []
-    for arg in args:
-        typecodes.append(arg.format)
-        val = declare(println, 'PyObject*')
-        argvals.append(val)
-        holders.append('&' + val)
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.name
 
-    items = [var, '"%s"' % (''.join(typecodes))] + holders
-    println('if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(%s)) return NULL;' % ', '.join(items))
+class Type(object):
+    pass
 
-    # unwrap
-    unwrapped = []
-    for arg, val in zip(args, argvals):
-        unwrapped.append(arg.unwrap(println, val))
+class BuiltinTypes(Type):
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
 
-    return unwrapped
+    @property
+    def fullname(self):
+        return self.name
 
-_re_mangle_pattern = re.compile(r'[ _<>\*&]')
+    def wrap(self, writer, var):
+        return var
 
-def mangle(name):
-    def repl(m):
-        s = m.group(0)
-        if s in '<>*&':
-            return ''
-        elif s in ' ':
-            return '_'
-        elif s in '_':
-            return '__'
+Void = BuiltinTypes('void')
+Unsigned = BuiltinTypes('unsigned')
+Bool = BuiltinTypes('bool')
+ConstStdString = BuiltinTypes('const std::string')
+
+class Class(Type):
+    format = 'O'
+
+    def __init__(self, ns, *bases):
+        self.ns = ns
+        self.bases = bases
+        self._is_defined = False
+        self.methods = []
+        self.enums = []
+        self.includes = set()
+
+    def __call__(self, defn):
+        assert not self._is_defined
+        self.name = defn.__name__
+        for k, v in defn.__dict__.items():
+            if isinstance(v, Method):
+                self.methods.append(v)
+                if isinstance(v, Constructor):
+                    for sig in v.signatures:
+                        sig[0] = ptr(self)
+                v.name = k
+                v.parent = self
+            elif isinstance(v, Enum):
+                self.enums.append(v)
+                v.name = k
+                v.parent = self
+            elif k == '_include_':
+                if isinstance(v, str):
+                    self.includes.add(v)
+                else:
+                    for i in v:
+                        self.includes.add(i)
+        return self
+
+    def compile_cpp(self, writer):
+        # generate methods
+        for meth in self.methods:
+            meth.compile_cpp(writer)
+
+        # generate method table
+        writer.println('static')
+        writer.println('PyMethodDef %s[] = {' % cg.mangle(self.fullname))
+        with writer.indent():
+            fmt = '{ "%(name)s", (PyCFunction)%(func)s, METH_VARARGS, NULL },'
+            for meth in self.methods:
+                name = meth.name
+                func = cg.mangle(meth.fullname)
+                writer.println(fmt % locals())
+            writer.println('{ NULL },')
+        writer.println('};')
+        writer.println()
+
+    def compile_py(self, writer):
+        clsname = self.name
+        bases = 'capsule.Wrapper'
+        if self.bases:
+            bases = ', '.join(x.name for x in self.bases)
+        writer.println('@capsule.register_class')
+        with writer.block('class %(clsname)s(%(bases)s):' % locals()):
+            for enum in self.enums:
+                enum.compile_py(writer)
+            for meth in self.methods:
+                meth.compile_py(writer)
+            if not self.enums and not self.methods:
+                writer.println('pass')
+        writer.println()
+
+    @property
+    def capsule_name(self):
+        if self.bases:
+            return self.bases[-1].capsule_name
         else:
-            assert False
-    name = _re_mangle_pattern.sub(repl, name)
-    return name.replace('::', '_')
+            return self.fullname
 
-def pycapsule_new(println, ptr, name, clsname):
-    # build capsule
-    name_soften = mangle(name)
-    var = new_symbol('pycap_%s' % name_soften)
-    fmt = 'PyObject* %(var)s = pycapsule_new(%(ptr)s, "%(name)s", "%(clsname)s");'
-    println(fmt % locals())
-    println('if (!%(var)s) return NULL;' % locals())
-    return var
+    @property
+    def fullname(self):
+        try:
+            name = self.realname
+        except AttributeError:
+            name = self.name
+        return '::'.join([self.ns.fullname, name])
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.fullname
+
+    def unwrap(self, writer, val):
+        fmt = 'PyCapsule_GetPointer(%(val)s, "%(name)s")'
+        name = self.capsule_name
+        raw = writer.declare('void*', fmt % locals())
+        writer.die_if_false(raw)
+        ptrty = ptr(self).fullname
+        ty = self.fullname
+        fmt = 'typecast<%(ty)s>::from(%(raw)s)'
+        casted = writer.declare(ptrty, fmt % locals())
+        writer.die_if_false(casted)
+        return casted
 
 
-def declare(println, typ, init=None):
-    typ_soften = mangle(typ)
-    var = new_symbol('var_%s' % typ_soften)
-    if init is None:
-        println('%(typ)s %(var)s;' % locals())
-    else:
-        println('%(typ)s %(var)s = %(init)s;' % locals())
-    return var
+class Enum(object):
+    def __init__(self, *value_names):
+        self.parent = None
+        self.value_names = value_names
+
+    @property
+    def fullname(self):
+        try:
+            name = self.realname
+        except AttributeError:
+            name = self.name
+        return '::'.join([self.parent.fullname, name])
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.fullname
+
+    def wrap(self, writer, val):
+        ret = writer.declare('PyObject*', 'NULL')
+        with writer.block('switch(%s) ' % val):
+            for v in self.value_names:
+                writer.println('case %s::%s:' % (self.parent, v))
+                with writer.indent():
+                    fmt = '%(ret)s = PyString_FromString("%(v)s");'
+                    writer.println(fmt % locals())
+                    writer.println('break;')
+            else:
+                writer.println('default:')
+                with writer.indent():
+                    writer.raises(ValueError, 'Invalid enum %s' % v)
+        return ret
+
+    def compile_py(self, writer):
+        with writer.block('class %s:' % self.name):
+            for v in self.value_names:
+                writer.println('%(v)s = "%(v)s"' % locals())
+        writer.println()
+
+class Method(object):
+    _kind_ = 'meth'
+
+    def __init__(self, return_type=Void, *args):
+        self.parent = None
+        self.signatures = []
+        self.includes = set()
+        self._add_signature(return_type, *args)
+
+    def _add_signature(self, return_type, *args):
+        prev_lens = set(map(len, self.signatures))
+        cur_len = len(args) + 1
+        if cur_len in prev_lens:
+            raise Exception('Only support overloading with different number'
+                            ' of arguments')
+        self.signatures.append([return_type] + list(args))
+
+    def __ior__(self, method):
+        assert type(self) is type(method)
+        for sig in method.signatures:
+            self._add_signature(sig[0], *sig[1:])
+        return self
+
+    @property
+    def fullname(self):
+        return '::'.join([self.parent.fullname, self.realname])
+
+    @property
+    def realname(self):
+        try:
+            return self.__realname
+        except AttributeError:
+            return self.name
+
+    @realname.setter
+    def realname(self, v):
+        self.__realname = v
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.fullname
+
+    def compile_cpp(self, writer):
+        with writer.py_function(self.fullname):
+            if len(self.signatures) == 1:
+                sig = self.signatures[0]
+                retty = sig[0]
+                argtys = sig[1:]
+                self.compile_cpp_body(writer, retty, argtys)
+            else:
+                nargs = writer.declare('Py_ssize_t', 'PyTuple_Size(args)')
+                for sig in self.signatures:
+                    retty = sig[0]
+                    argtys = sig[1:]
+                    expect = len(argtys)
+                    if (not isinstance(self, StaticMethod) and
+                        isinstance(self.parent, Class)):
+                        # Is a instance method, add 1 for "this".
+                        expect += 1
+                    with writer.block('if (%(expect)d == %(nargs)s)' % locals()):
+                        self.compile_cpp_body(writer, retty, argtys)
+                writer.raises(TypeError, 'Invalid number of args')
+
+    def compile_cpp_body(self, writer, retty, argtys):
+        if isinstance(self.parent, Class):
+            args = writer.parse_arguments('args', ptr(self.parent), *argtys)
+            ret = writer.method_call(self.realname, retty.fullname, *args)
+        else:
+            args = writer.parse_arguments('args', *argtys)
+            ret = writer.call(self.fullname, retty.fullname, *args)
+        writer.return_value(retty.wrap(writer, ret))
+
+    def compile_py(self, writer):
+        decl = writer.function(self.name, args=('self',), varargs='args')
+        with decl as (this, varargs):
+            unwrap_this = writer.unwrap(this)
+            unwrapped = writer.unwrap_many(varargs)
+            func = '.'.join([self.parent.name, self.name])
+            ret = writer.call('_api.%s' % func,
+                              args=(unwrap_this,), varargs=unwrapped)
+            wrapped = writer.wrap(ret)
+            writer.return_value(wrapped)
+            writer.println()
 
 
-def return_value(println, var):
-    println('return %(var)s;' % locals())
+class StaticMethod(Method):
+
+    def compile_cpp_body(self, writer, retty, argtys):
+        assert isinstance(self.parent, Class)
+        args = writer.parse_arguments('args', *argtys)
+        ret = self.compile_cpp_call(writer, retty, args)
+        writer.return_value(retty.wrap(writer, ret))
+
+    def compile_cpp_call(self, writer, retty, args):
+        ret = writer.call(self.fullname, retty.fullname, *args)
+        return ret
+
+    def compile_py(self, writer):
+        writer.println('@staticmethod')
+        decl = writer.function(self.name, varargs='args')
+        with decl as varargs:
+            unwrapped = writer.unwrap_many(varargs)
+            func = '.'.join([self.parent.name, self.name])
+            ret = writer.call('_api.%s' % func, varargs=unwrapped)
+            wrapped = writer.wrap(ret)
+            writer.return_value(wrapped)
+            writer.println()
 
 
-def return_none(println):
-    println('Py_RETURN_NONE;')
+class Function(Method):
+    _kind_ = 'func'
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, name, return_type=Void, *args):
+        super(Function, self).__init__(return_type, *args)
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.name = name
+
+    def compile_py(self, writer):
+        with writer.function(self.name, varargs='args') as varargs:
+            unwrapped = writer.unwrap_many(varargs)
+            func = self.fullname.split('::', 1)[1].replace('::', '.')
+            ret = writer.call('_api.%s' % func,
+                              varargs=unwrapped)
+            wrapped = writer.wrap(ret)
+            writer.return_value(wrapped)
+        writer.println()
 
 
-def die_if_null(println, var):
-    println('if (!%(var)s) return NULL;' % locals())
+class Destructor(Method):
+    _kind_ = 'dtor'
 
-
-class Binding(object):
-    __rank_global = 0
     def __init__(self):
-        self.rank = Binding.__rank_global
-        Binding.__rank_global += 1
-        self.include = set()
+        super(Destructor, self).__init__()
 
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        raise NotImplementedError(type(self))
+    def compile_cpp_body(self, writer, retty, argtys):
+        assert isinstance(self.parent, Class)
+        assert not argtys
+        args = writer.parse_arguments('args', ptr(self.parent), *argtys)
+        writer.println('delete %s;' % args[0])
+        writer.return_value(None)
 
-class Ref(object):
-    def __init__(self, elem):
-        self.element = elem
+    def compile_py(self, writer):
+        func = '.'.join([self.parent.name, self.name])
+        writer.println('_delete_ = _api.%s' % func)
+
+
+class Constructor(StaticMethod):
+    _kind_ = 'ctor'
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        super(Constructor, self).__init__(Void, *args)
+
+    def compile_cpp_call(self, writer, retty, args):
+        alloctype = retty.fullname.rstrip(' *')
+        arglist = ', '.join(args)
+        stmt = 'new %(alloctype)s(%(arglist)s)' % locals()
+        ret = writer.declare(retty.fullname, stmt)
+        return ret
+
+class ref(Type):
+    def __init__(self, element):
+        assert isinstance(element, Class), type(element)
+        self.element = element
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.fullname
 
     @property
     def fullname(self):
@@ -112,503 +356,79 @@ class Ref(object):
     def capsule_name(self):
         return self.element.capsule_name
 
-    @property
-    def pointer(self):
-        return self.element.pointer
-
-    def as_pointer(self, println, var):
-        init = '&%s' % (var)
-        casted = declare(println, self.pointer, init)
-        return casted
-
     @property
     def format(self):
-        return 'O'
+        return self.element.format
 
-    def unwrap(self, println, var):
-        ptr = self.element.unwrap(println, var)
-        return declare(println, self.fullname, '*%s' % ptr)
+    def wrap(self, writer, val):
+        p = writer.declare(ptr(self.element).fullname, '&%s' % val)
+        return writer.pycapsule_new(p, self.capsule_name, self.element.fullname)
 
-    def wrap(self, println, var):
-        return self.element.wrap(println, self.as_pointer(println, var))
+    def unwrap(self, writer, val):
+        p = self.element.unwrap(writer, val)
+        return writer.declare(self.fullname, '*%s' % p)
 
 
-class Pointer(object):
-    def __init__(self, elem):
-        self.element = elem
+class ptr(Type):
+    def __init__(self, element):
+        assert isinstance(element, Class)
+        self.element = element
 
     @property
     def fullname(self):
-        return '%s*' % self.element.fullname
-
-    @property
-    def capsule_name(self):
-        return self.element.capsule_name
-
-    @property
-    def pointer(self):
-        return self.element.pointer
+        return '%s*' % self.element
 
     @property
     def format(self):
-        return 'O'
+        return self.element.format
 
-    def unwrap(self, println, var):
-        ret = declare(println, self.fullname)
-        println2 = indent_println(println)
-        println('if (%(var)s == Py_None) {' % locals())
-        println2('%(ret)s = NULL;' % locals())
-        println('} else {')
-        ptr = self.element.unwrap(println2, var)
-        println2('%(ret)s = %(ptr)s;' % locals())
-        println('}')
+    def unwrap(self, writer, val):
+        ret = writer.declare(self.fullname, 'NULL')
+        with writer.block('if (%(val)s != Py_None)' % locals()):
+            val = self.element.unwrap(writer, val)
+            writer.println('%(ret)s = %(val)s;' % locals())
         return ret
 
-    def wrap(self, println, var):
-        return self.element.wrap(println, var)
+    def wrap(self, writer, val):
+        return writer.pycapsule_new(val, self.element.capsule_name,
+                                    self.element.fullname)
 
-
-class BuiltinType(object):
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        self.name = name
-        self.Ref = Ref(self)
-        self.Pointer = Pointer(self)
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return self.name
-
-    @property
-    def capsule_name(self):
-        return self.fullname
-
-    def To(self, pytype):
-        return Wrapper(self, pytype)
-
-    def From(self, pytype):
-        return Unwrapper(self, pytype)
-
-Void = BuiltinType('void')
-Bool = BuiltinType('bool')
-Unsigned = BuiltinType('unsigned')
-ConstStdString = BuiltinType('const std::string')
-
-class PyObjectImpl(object):
-    name = 'PyObject*'
-    fullname = name
+class cast(Type):
     format = 'O'
 
-    def unwrap(self, println, var):
-        return var
-
-PyObject = PyObjectImpl()
-
-class Unwrapper(object):
-    def __init__(self, cls, pytype):
-        self.cls = cls
-        self.pytype = pytype
+    def __init__(self, original, target):
+        self.original = original
+        self.target = target
 
     @property
     def fullname(self):
-        return str(self.pytype)
+        return self.binding_type.fullname
 
     @property
-    def format(self):
-        return 'O'
-
-    def unwrap(self, println, var):
-        out = declare(println, self.cls.fullname)
-        conv = 'py_%s_to' % (self.pytype.__name__)
-        status = '%(conv)s(%(var)s, %(out)s)' % locals()
-        println('if (!%(status)s) return NULL;' % locals())
-        return out
-
-
-class Wrapper(object):
-    def __init__(self, cls, pytype):
-        self.cls = cls
-        self.pytype = pytype
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return self.cls.fullname
-
-    def wrap(self, println, var):
-        conv = 'py_%s_from' % (self.pytype.__name__)
-        func = '%(conv)s(%(var)s)' % locals()
-        out = declare(println, 'PyObject*', func)
-        println('if (!%(out)s) return NULL;' % locals())
-        return out
-
-class Enum(Binding):
-    def __init__(self, ns, *values):
-        super(Enum, self).__init__()
-        self.values = values
-        self.ns = ns
-        self.name = None
-
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        self.name = self.name or name
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return '::'.join([self.ns, self.name])
-
-class ClassEnum(Enum):
-    def __init__(self, cls, *values):
-        super(ClassEnum, self).__init__(None, *values)
-        self.cls = cls
-        self.cls.enums.append(self)
-
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        self.ns = self.cls.fullname
-        super(ClassEnum, self).compile(name, println)
-
-    def wrap(self, println, var):
-        println2 = indent_println(println)
-        ret = declare(println, 'PyObject*', NULL)
-        println('switch(%s) { ' % var)
-        for v in self.values:
-            println('case %s::%s:' % (self.ns, v))
-            println2('%(ret)s = PyString_FromString("%(v)s");' % locals())
-            println2('break;')
+    def python_type(self):
+        if not isinstance(self.target, Type):
+            return self.target
         else:
-            println('default:')
-            println2('PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Invalid enum: %s");' %
-                     v)
-            println2('return NULL;')
-        println('}')
+            return self.original
+
+    @property
+    def binding_type(self):
+        if isinstance(self.target, Type):
+            return self.target
+        else:
+            return self.original
+
+    def wrap(self, writer, val):
+        dst = self.python_type.__name__
+        return writer.call('py_%(dst)s_from' % locals(), 'PyObject*', val)
+
+    def unwrap(self, writer, val):
+        src = self.python_type.__name__
+        dst = self.binding_type.fullname
+        ret = writer.declare(dst)
+        status = writer.call('py_%(src)s_to' % locals(), 'int', val, ret)
+        writer.die_if_false(status)
         return ret
 
-    def unwrap(self, println, var):
-        pass
 
 
-class Class(Binding):
-    def __init__(self, ns):
-        super(Class, self).__init__()
-        self.ctor = None
-        self.Ref = Ref(self)
-        self.Pointer = Pointer(self)
-        self.Subclass = lambda: Subclass(self)
-        self.Enum = lambda *v: ClassEnum(self, *v)
-        self.enums = []
-        self.ns = ns
-        self.methods = []
-        self.name = None
-
-    def To(self, pytype):
-        return Wrapper(self, pytype)
-
-    def From(self, pytype):
-        return Unwrapper(self, pytype)
-
-    def new(self, *args):
-        method = Constructor(self, self.Pointer, *args)
-        self.methods.append(method)
-        return method
-
-    def delete(self):
-        method = Destructor(self, Void, self.Pointer)
-        self.methods.append(method)
-        return method
-
-    def method(self, return_type, *args):
-        method = Method(self, return_type, self.Pointer, *args)
-        self.methods.append(method)
-        return method
-
-    def staticmethod(self, return_type, *args):
-        sm = StaticMethod(self, return_type, *args)
-        self.methods.append(sm)
-        return sm
-
-    def multimethod(self, *signatures):
-        mm = MultiMethod(self, signatures)
-        self.methods.append(mm)
-        return mm
-
-    def staticmultimethod(self, *signatures):
-        smm = StaticMultiMethod(self, signatures)
-        self.methods.append(smm)
-        return smm
-    
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        # set name
-        self.name = self.name or name
-
-    @property
-    def capsule_name(self):
-        return self.fullname
-
-    @property
-    def pointer(self):
-        return '%s*' % self.fullname
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return '::'.join([self.ns, self.name])
-
-    @property
-    def mangled_name(self):
-        return mangle(self.fullname)
-
-    @property
-    def format(self):
-        return 'O'
-
-    def unwrap(self, println, var):
-        typ = self.pointer
-        elty = self.fullname
-        cap = self.capsule_name
-        capptr = 'PyCapsule_GetPointer(%(var)s, "%(cap)s")' % locals()
-        ptr = declare(println, 'void*', capptr)
-        unwrapped = 'typecast<%(elty)s>::from(%(ptr)s)' % locals()
-        var = declare(println, typ, unwrapped)
-        println('if (!%(var)s) {' % locals())
-        println2 = indent_println(println)
-        println2('PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Invalid cast");')
-        println2('return NULL;')
-        println('}')
-        die_if_null(println, var)
-        return var
-
-    def wrap(self, println, var):
-         return pycapsule_new(println, var, self.capsule_name, self.fullname)
-
-class Subclass(Class):
-    def __init__(self, parent):
-        super(Subclass, self).__init__(parent.ns)
-        self.parent = parent
-        self.ns = self.parent.ns
-
-    @property
-    def capsule_name(self):
-        return self.parent.capsule_name
-
-class Function(Binding):
-    def __init__(self, ns, return_type, *args):
-        super(Function, self).__init__()
-        self.return_type = return_type
-        self.args = args
-        self.ns = ns
-        self.name = None
-
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        # set name
-        self.name = self.name or name
-        # generate wrapper
-        println('static')
-        println('PyObject*')
-        println('%(name)s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)' % locals())
-        println('{')
-        self.compile_body(indent_println(println))
-        println('}')
-
-    def compile_body(self, println):
-        args = parse_arguments(println, 'args', *self.args)
-        call = '%s(%s)' % (self.fullname, ', '.join(args))
-        if self.return_type is not Void:
-            callres = declare(println, self.return_type.fullname, call)
-            pycap = self.return_type.wrap(println, callres)
-            return_value(println, pycap)
-        else:
-            println('%s;' % call)
-            return_none(println)
-
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return '::'.join([self.ns, self.name])
-
-class Method(Binding):
-    def __init__(self, cls, return_type, *args):
-        super(Method, self).__init__()
-        self.cls = cls
-        self.return_type = return_type
-        self.args = args
-        self.name = None
-        self._realname = None
-
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        # set name
-        self.name = self.name or name
-        # generate wrapper
-        println('static')
-        println('PyObject*')
-        mangled = self.mangled_name
-        println('%(mangled)s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)' % locals())
-        println('{')
-        self.compile_body(indent_println(println))
-        println('}')
-    
-    def compile_body(self, println):
-        args = parse_arguments(println, 'args', *self.args)
-        this = args[0]
-        args = ', '.join(args[1:])
-        name = self.realname
-        call = '%(this)s->%(name)s(%(args)s)' % locals()
-        if self.return_type is not Void:
-            obj = declare(println, self.return_type.fullname, call)
-            ret = self.return_type.wrap(println, obj)
-            return_value(println, ret)
-        else:
-            println('%s;' % call)
-            return_none(println)
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return '::'.join([self.cls.fullname, self.name])
-
-    @property
-    def realname(self):
-        if not self._realname:
-            return self.name
-        else:
-            return self._realname
-
-    @realname.setter
-    def realname(self, v):
-        self._realname = v
-
-
-    @property
-    def mangled_name(self):
-        return mangle(self.fullname)
-
-class MultiMethod(Binding):
-    '''Can only differs by the number of arguments.
-    '''
-    def __init__(self, cls, signatures):
-        super(MultiMethod, self).__init__()
-        nargs = set()
-        for sig in signatures:
-            n = len(sig)
-            if n in nargs:
-                raise TypeError("MultiMethod only supports overloaded version"
-                                "with different number of arguments")
-            nargs.add(n)
-        self.cls = cls
-        self.signatures = signatures
-        self.name = None
-
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        # set name
-        self.name = self.name or name
-        # generate wrapper
-        println('static')
-        println('PyObject*')
-        mangled = self.mangled_name
-        println('%(mangled)s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)' % locals())
-        println('{')
-        println2 = indent_println(println)
-        nargs = declare(println2, 'Py_ssize_t', 'PyTuple_Size(args)')
-        for sig in self.signatures:
-            expect = len(sig)
-            println2('if (%(nargs)s == %(expect)d) {' % locals())
-            method = Method(self.cls, sig[0], self.cls.Pointer, *sig[1:])
-            method.name = self.name
-            method.compile_body(indent_println(println2))
-            println2('}')
-        println2('PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Wrong # of args");')
-        println2('return NULL;')
-        println('}')
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return '::'.join([self.cls.fullname, self.name])
-
-    @property
-    def mangled_name(self):
-        return mangle(self.fullname)
-
-class StaticMethod(Method):
-    def compile_body(self, println):
-        args = parse_arguments(println, 'args', *self.args)
-        args = ', '.join(args)
-        fullname = self.fullname
-        call = '%(fullname)s(%(args)s)' % locals()
-        if self.return_type is not Void:
-            obj = declare(println, self.return_type.fullname, call)
-            ret = self.return_type.wrap(println, obj)
-            return_value(println, ret)
-        else:
-            println('%s;' % call)
-            return_none(println)
-
-class StaticMultiMethod(Binding):
-    '''Can only differs by the number of arguments.
-        '''
-    def __init__(self, cls, signatures):
-        super(StaticMultiMethod, self).__init__()
-        nargs = set()
-        for sig in signatures:
-            n = len(sig)
-            if n in nargs:
-                raise TypeError("StaticMultiMethod only supports overloaded "
-                                "version with different number of arguments")
-            nargs.add(n)
-        self.cls = cls
-        self.signatures = signatures
-        self.name = None
-
-
-    def compile(self, name, println):
-        # set name
-        self.name = self.name or name
-        # generate wrapper
-        println('static')
-        println('PyObject*')
-        mangled = self.mangled_name
-        println('%(mangled)s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)' % locals())
-        println('{')
-        println2 = indent_println(println)
-        nargs = declare(println2, 'Py_ssize_t', 'PyTuple_Size(args)')
-        for sig in self.signatures:
-            expect = len(sig) - 1
-            println2('if (%(nargs)s == %(expect)d) {' % locals())
-            method = StaticMethod(self.cls, sig[0], *sig[1:])
-            method.name = self.name
-            method.compile_body(indent_println(println2))
-            println2('}')
-        println2('PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Wrong # of args");')
-        println2('return NULL;')
-        println('}')
-
-    @property
-    def fullname(self):
-        return '::'.join([self.cls.fullname, self.name])
-
-    @property
-    def mangled_name(self):
-        return mangle(self.fullname)
-
-class Constructor(StaticMethod):
-    def compile_body(self, println):
-        args = parse_arguments(println, 'args', *self.args)
-        args = ', '.join(args)
-        name = self.cls.fullname
-        ctor = 'new %(name)s(%(args)s)' % locals()
-        obj = declare(println, self.cls.pointer, ctor)
-        ret = self.return_type.wrap(println, obj)
-        return_value(println, ret)
-
-class Destructor(Method):
-    def compile_body(self, println):
-        args = parse_arguments(println, 'args', *self.args)
-        assert len(args) == 1
-        dtor = 'delete %s;' % args[0]
-        println(dtor)
-        return_none(println)
-
-
-class Namespace(object):
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        self.name = name
-
-    def Class(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return Class(self.name, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def Function(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return Function(self.name, *args, **kwargs)
-
diff --git a/newbinding/codegen.py b/newbinding/codegen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9398b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newbinding/codegen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+import re, contextlib
+
+NULL = 'NULL'
+
+_symbols = set()
+
+def indent(println):
+    def _println(s=''):
+        println("%s%s" % (' '* 4, s))
+    return _println
+
+def quote(txt):
+    return '"%s"' % txt
+
+def new_symbol(name):
+    if name in _symbols:
+        ct = 1
+        orig = name
+        while name in _symbols:
+            name = '%s%d' % (orig, ct)
+            ct += 1
+    _symbols.add(name)
+    return name
+
+def parse_arguments(println, var, *args):
+    typecodes = []
+    holders = []
+    argvals = []
+    for arg in args:
+        typecodes.append(arg.format)
+        val = declare(println, 'PyObject*')
+        argvals.append(val)
+        holders.append('&' + val)
+
+    items = [var, '"%s"' % (''.join(typecodes))] + holders
+    println('if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(%s)) return NULL;' % ', '.join(items))
+
+    # unwrap
+    unwrapped = []
+    for arg, val in zip(args, argvals):
+        unwrapped.append(arg.unwrap(println, val))
+
+    return unwrapped
+
+_re_mangle_pattern = re.compile(r'[ _<>\*&]')
+
+def mangle(name):
+    def repl(m):
+        s = m.group(0)
+        if s in '<>*&':
+            return ''
+        elif s in ' ':
+            return '_'
+        elif s in '_':
+            return '__'
+        else:
+            assert False
+    name = _re_mangle_pattern.sub(repl, name)
+    return name.replace('::', '_')
+
+def pycapsule_new(println, ptr, name, clsname):
+    # build capsule
+    name_soften = mangle(name)
+    var = new_symbol('pycap_%s' % name_soften)
+    fmt = 'PyObject* %(var)s = pycapsule_new(%(ptr)s, "%(name)s", "%(clsname)s");'
+    println(fmt % locals())
+    println('if (!%(var)s) return NULL;' % locals())
+    return var
+
+
+def declare(println, typ, init=None):
+    typ_soften = mangle(typ)
+    var = new_symbol('var_%s' % typ_soften)
+    if init is None:
+        println('%(typ)s %(var)s;' % locals())
+    else:
+        println('%(typ)s %(var)s = %(init)s;' % locals())
+    return var
+
+
+def return_value(println, var):
+    println('return %(var)s;' % locals())
+
+
+def return_none(println):
+    println('Py_RETURN_NONE;')
+
+
+def die_if_null(println, var):
+    println('if (!%(var)s) return NULL;' % locals())
+
+
+class CodeWriterBase(object):
+    def __init__(self, println):
+        self.println = println
+        self.used_symbols = set()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def indent(self):
+        old = self.println
+        self.println = indent(self.println)
+        yield
+        self.println = old
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def py_function(self, name):
+        mangled = mangle(name)
+        self.println('static')
+        self.println('PyObject*')
+        with self.block('%(mangled)s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)' % locals()):
+            self.used_symbols.add('self')
+            self.used_symbols.add('args')
+            yield
+        self.println()
+
+    def new_symbol(self, name):
+        if name in self.used_symbols:
+            ct = 1
+            orig = name
+            while name in self.used_symbols:
+                name = '%s%d' % (orig, ct)
+                ct += 1
+        self.used_symbols.add(name)
+        return name
+
+class CppCodeWriter(CodeWriterBase):
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def block(self, lead):
+        self.println(lead)
+        self.println('{')
+        with self.indent():
+            yield
+        self.println('}')
+
+    def declare(self, typ, init=None):
+        typ_soften = mangle(typ)
+        var = self.new_symbol('var_%s' % typ_soften)
+        if init is None:
+            self.println('%(typ)s %(var)s;' % locals())
+        else:
+            self.println('%(typ)s %(var)s = %(init)s;' % locals())
+        return var
+
+    def return_value(self, val):
+        if val is None:
+            self.println('Py_RETURN_NONE;')
+        else:
+            self.println('return %s;' % val)
+
+    def return_null(self):
+        self.return_value(NULL)
+
+    def parse_arguments(self, var, *args):
+        typecodes = []
+        holders = []
+        argvals = []
+        for arg in args:
+            typecodes.append(arg.format)
+            val = self.declare('PyObject*')
+            argvals.append(val)
+            holders.append('&' + val)
+
+        items = [var, '"%s"' % (''.join(typecodes))] + holders
+        with self.block('if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(%s))' % ', '.join(items)):
+            self.return_null()
+
+        # unwrap
+        unwrapped = []
+        for arg, val in zip(args, argvals):
+            unwrapped.append(arg.unwrap(self, val))
+
+        return unwrapped
+
+    def call(self, func, retty, *args):
+        arglist = ', '.join(args)
+        stmt = '%(func)s(%(arglist)s)' % locals()
+        if retty == 'void':
+            self.println(stmt)
+        else:
+            return self.declare(retty, stmt)
+
+    def method_call(self, func, retty, *args):
+        this = args[0]
+        arglist = ', '.join(args[1:])
+        if func == 'delete':
+            assert not arglist
+            stmt = 'delete %(this)s;' % locals()
+        elif func == 'new':
+            alloctype = retty.rstrip(' *')
+            stmt = 'new %(alloctype)s(%(arglist)s);' % locals()
+        else:
+            stmt = '%(this)s->%(func)s(%(arglist)s);' % locals()
+        if retty == 'void':
+            self.println(stmt)
+        else:
+            return self.declare(retty, stmt)
+
+    def pycapsule_new(self, ptr, name, clsname):
+        name_soften = mangle(name)
+        ret = self.call('pycapsule_new', 'PyObject*', ptr, quote(name),
+                        quote(clsname))
+        with self.block('if (!%(ret)s)' % locals()):
+            self.return_null()
+        return ret
+
+    def die_if_false(self, val):
+        with self.block('if(!%(val)s)' % locals()):
+            self.return_null()
+
+    def raises(self, exccls, msg):
+        exc = 'PyExc_%s' % exccls.__name__
+        self.println('PyErr_SetString(%s, "%s");' % (exc, msg))
+        self.return_null()
+
+
+class PyCodeWriter(CodeWriterBase):
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def block(self, lead):
+        self.println(lead)
+        with self.indent():
+            yield
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def function(self, func, args=(), varargs=None):
+        with self.scope():
+            arguments = []
+            for arg in args:
+                arguments.append(self.new_symbol(arg))
+            if varargs:
+                varargs = self.new_symbol(varargs)
+                arguments.append('*%s' % varargs)
+            arglist = ', '.join(arguments)
+            with self.block('def %(func)s(%(arglist)s):' % locals()):
+                if arguments:
+                    arguments[-1] = arguments[-1].lstrip('*')
+                    if len(arguments) > 1:
+                        yield arguments
+                    else:
+                        yield arguments[0]
+                else:
+                    yield
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def scope(self):
+        self.old = self.used_symbols
+        self.used_symbols = set()
+        yield
+        self.used_symbols = self.old
+
+    def unwrap_many(self, args):
+        unwrapped = self.new_symbol('unwrapped')
+        self.println('%(unwrapped)s = map(capsule.unwrap, %(args)s)' % locals())
+        return unwrapped
+
+    def unwrap(self, val):
+        return self.call('capsule.unwrap', args=(val,), ret='unwrapped')
+
+    def wrap(self, val):
+        wrapped = self.new_symbol('wrapped')
+        self.println('%(wrapped)s = capsule.wrap(%(val)s)' % locals())
+        return wrapped
+
+    def call(self, func, args=(), varargs=None, ret='ret'):
+        arguments = []
+        for arg in args:
+            arguments.append(arg)
+        if varargs:
+            arguments.append('*%s' % varargs)
+        arglist = ', '.join(arguments)
+        ret = self.new_symbol(ret)
+        self.println('%(ret)s = %(func)s(%(arglist)s)' % locals())
+        return ret
+
+    def return_value(self, val=None):
+        if val is None:
+            val = ''
+        self.println('return %s' % val)
+
+
diff --git a/newbinding/extra.py b/newbinding/extra.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1af4e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newbinding/extra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+'''
+Wrapped the extra functions in _api.so
+'''
+
+import capsule
+
+def _wrapper(func):
+    def _core(*args):
+        unwrapped = map(capsule.unwrap, args)
+        ret = func(*unwrapped)
+        return capsule.wrap(ret)
+    return _core
+
+def _init(glob):
+    from _api import extra
+    for k, v in extra.__dict__.items():
+        glob[k] = _wrapper(v)
+
+_init(globals())
+
diff --git a/newbinding/gen.py b/newbinding/gen.py
index cee71f1..4d8709e 100644
--- a/newbinding/gen.py
+++ b/newbinding/gen.py
@@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
-import sys, logging
+import sys
 from binding import *
-from utils import *
-from cStringIO import StringIO
+import codegen
 
-logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 extension_entry = '''
-    
+
 extern "C" {
 
 #if (PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3)
-    
+
 PyObject *
 PyInit_%(module)s(void)
 {
-    PyObject *module = create_python_module("%(module)s", %(methtable)s);
-    if (module) {
-        if (populate_submodules(module, submodules))
-            return module;
-    }
-    return NULL;
+PyObject *module = create_python_module("%(module)s", %(methtable)s);
+if (module) {
+if (populate_submodules(module, submodules))
+return module;
+}
+return NULL;
 }
 
 #else
@@ -28,10 +25,10 @@ PyInit_%(module)s(void)
 PyMODINIT_FUNC
 init%(module)s(void)
 {
-    PyObject *module = create_python_module("%(module)s", %(methtable)s);
-    if (module) {
-        populate_submodules(module, submodules);
-    }
+PyObject *module = create_python_module("%(module)s", %(methtable)s);
+if (module) {
+populate_submodules(module, submodules);
+}
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -39,172 +36,6 @@ init%(module)s(void)
 
 '''
 
-def build_methoddef(name, defns, println):
-    println('static PyMethodDef %s[] = {' % name)
-    for name, func in defns:
-        println('{ "%(name)s", (PyCFunction)%(func)s, METH_VARARGS, NULL },' %
-                locals())
-    else:
-        println('{ NULL }')
-        println('};')
-        println('')
-
-
-class Context(object):
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.includes = set()
-        self.functions = {}
-        self.classes = {}
-        self.definitions = []
-        self._pending_symbols = []
-
-    def generate_cpp(self, println):
-        for i in self.includes:
-            println('#include "%s"' % i)
-
-        println('\n'.join(self.definitions))
-
-        # global function
-        defns = []
-        for name, func in self.functions.items():
-            defns.append((name, func.name))
-        build_methoddef('global_functions', defns, println)
-
-        # classes
-        for name, cls in self.classes.items():
-            defns = []
-            for meth in cls.methods:
-                defns.append((meth.name, meth.mangled_name))
-            println("// %s" % cls.fullname)
-            build_methoddef(cls.mangled_name, defns, println)
-
-        println('static SubModuleEntry submodules[] = {')
-        for name, cls in self.classes.items():
-            table = cls.mangled_name
-            println('{ "%(name)s", %(table)s },' % locals())
-        println('{ "extra", extra_methodtable },')
-        println('{ NULL }')
-        println('};')
-        println('')
-
-        # generate entry
-        println(extension_entry % {'module': '_api',
-                                   'methtable': 'global_functions',})
-
-    def generate_py(self, println):
-        println('import _api, capsule')
-        println('')
-        # wraps all extras
-        extra_wrapper = '''
-def _init_extra_wrapper():
-    def wrap(callee):
-        def _wrapped(*args):
-            args = map(capsule.unwrap, args)
-            ret = callee(*args)
-            return capsule.wrap(ret)
-        return _wrapped
-    for k in dir(_api.extra):
-        v = getattr(_api.extra, k)
-        if not k.startswith('__') and callable(v):
-            globals()[k] = wrap(v)
-_init_extra_wrapper()
-        '''
-        println(extra_wrapper)
-        println('')
-        # global function
-        for name in self.functions:
-            println('def %(name)s(*args):' % locals())
-            println2 = indent_println(println)
-            println2('args = map(capsule.unwrap, args)')
-            println2('ptr = _api.%(name)s(*args)' % locals())
-            println2('return capsule.wrap(ptr)')
-            println('')
-        # classes
-        classes = sorted(self.classes.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].rank)
-
-        for name, cls in classes:
-            if isinstance(cls, Subclass):
-                parent = cls.parent.name
-            else:
-                parent = 'capsule.Wrapper'
-            println('@capsule.register_class')
-            println('class %(name)s(%(parent)s):' % locals())
-            self.generate_py_class(indent_println(println), cls)
-            println('')
-
-    def generate_py_class(self, println, cls):
-        if len(cls.methods) == 0:
-            println('pass')
-        else:
-            mod = cls.name
-            # generate class enums
-            for enum in cls.enums:
-                println('class %s:' % enum.name)
-                println2 = indent_println(println)
-                for v in enum.values:
-                    println2('%(v)s = "%(v)s"' % locals())
-                println('')
-            # generate class methods
-            for method in cls.methods:
-                name = method.name
-                if(isinstance(method, StaticMethod) or
-                   isinstance(method, StaticMultiMethod)):
-                    println('@staticmethod')
-                    println('def %(name)s(*args):' % locals())
-                    println2 = indent_println(println)
-                    println2('args = map(capsule.unwrap, args)')
-                    println2('ret = _api.%(mod)s.%(name)s(*args)' % locals())
-                    println2('return capsule.wrap(ret)')
-                elif isinstance(method, Destructor):
-                    println('_delete_ = _api.%(mod)s.%(name)s' % locals())
-                else:
-                    println('def %(name)s(self, *args):' % locals())
-                    println2 = indent_println(println)
-                    println2('args = map(capsule.unwrap, args)')
-                    println2('ret = _api.%(mod)s.%(name)s(self._ptr, *args)' %
-                             locals())
-                    println2('return capsule.wrap(ret)')
-                println('')
-
-    def add_module(self, module):
-        allsyms = [(k, v) for k, v in vars(module).items()
-                   if isinstance(v, Binding)]
-        # generate includes
-        for k, v in allsyms:
-            self.includes |= v.include
-
-        self._pending_symbols.extend(allsyms)
-
-    def materialize(self):
-        symtab = sorted(self._pending_symbols, key=lambda x: x[1].rank)
-
-        # compile everything
-        for k, v in symtab:
-            buf = StringIO()
-            def println_to_def(s):
-                buf.write(s)
-                buf.write('\n')
-            logger.info('compiling %s', k)
-            v.compile(k, println_to_def)
-            self.definitions.append(buf.getvalue())
-            buf.close()
-
-        # generate py defintion table for global functions
-        for k, v in symtab:
-            if isinstance(v, Function):
-                if v.name in self.functions:
-                    raise NameError("Duplicated function name: %s" % v.name)
-                self.functions[v.name] = v
-
-        # generate sub module tables for classes
-        submodules = []
-        for k, v in symtab:
-            if isinstance(v, Class):
-                if v.name in self.classes:
-                    if v is not self.classes[v.name]:
-                        raise NameError("Duplicated class: %s" % v.name)
-                self.classes[v.name] = v
-
 
 def populate_headers(println):
     includes = [
@@ -216,38 +47,96 @@ def populate_headers(println):
                 ]
     for inc in includes:
         println('#include "%s"' % inc)
+    println()
 
-def wrap_println(f):
-    def println(s):
-        f.write(s)
-        f.write('\n')
+
+def wrap_println_from_file(file):
+    def println(s=''):
+        file.write(s)
+        file.write('\n')
     return println
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+def main():
     outputfilename = sys.argv[1]
-    srcdir = sys.argv[2]
-    modnames = sys.argv[3:]
+    entry_modname = sys.argv[2]
 
-    modules = []
-    for m in modnames:
-        path = '%s.%s' % (srcdir, m)
-        logger.info("import module %s", path)
-        module = __import__(path)
-        for token in path.split('.')[1:]:
-            module = getattr(module, token)
-        modules.append(module)
+    entry_module = __import__(entry_modname)
 
-    context = Context()
+    units = []
+    for ns in namespaces.values():
+        print 'namespace', ns
+        for fn in ns.functions:
+            print fn
+            units.append(fn)
+        for cls in ns.classes:
+            print cls
+            units.append(cls)
 
-    for mod in modules:
-        context.add_module(mod)
-    context.materialize()
+    with open('%s.cpp' % outputfilename, 'w') as cppfile:
+        println = wrap_println_from_file(cppfile)
 
-    with open('%s.cpp' % outputfilename, 'w') as outfile:
-        println = wrap_println(outfile)
+        # extra headers
         populate_headers(println)
-        context.generate_cpp(println)
-    with open('%s.py' % outputfilename, 'w') as outfile:
-        println = wrap_println(outfile)
-        context.generate_py(println)
 
+        # required headers
+        includes = set()
+        for u in units:
+            includes |= u.includes
+
+        for inc in includes:
+            println('#include "%s"' % inc)
+        println()
+
+        # write methods and method tables
+        for u in units:
+            writer = codegen.CppCodeWriter(println)
+            u.compile_cpp(writer)
+        else:
+            del writer
+
+        # write function table
+        writer = codegen.CppCodeWriter(println)
+        writer.println('static')
+        writer.println('PyMethodDef methtable[] = {')
+        with writer.indent():
+            fmt = '{ "%(name)s", (PyCFunction)%(func)s, METH_VARARGS, NULL },'
+            for u in units:
+                if isinstance(u, Function):
+                    name = u.name
+                    func = codegen.mangle(u.fullname)
+                    writer.println(fmt % locals())
+            writer.println('{ NULL },')
+        writer.println('};')
+        writer.println()
+        del writer
+        
+
+        # write submodule table
+        writer = codegen.CppCodeWriter(println)
+        writer.println('static')
+        writer.println('SubModuleEntry submodules[] = {')
+        with writer.indent():
+            for cls in units:
+                if isinstance(cls, Class):
+                    name = cls.name
+                    table = codegen.mangle(cls.fullname)
+                    writer.println('{ "%(name)s", %(table)s },' % locals())
+            writer.println('{ "extra", extra_methodtable },')
+            writer.println('{ NULL }')
+        writer.println('};')
+        writer.println('')
+        del writer
+
+        println(extension_entry % {'module': '_api', 'methtable': 'methtable'})
+
+    with open('%s.py' % outputfilename, 'w') as pyfile:
+        println = wrap_println_from_file(pyfile)
+        println('import _api, capsule')
+        println()
+        for u in units:
+            writer = codegen.PyCodeWriter(println)
+            u.compile_py(writer)
+        
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/auto_pyobject.h b/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/auto_pyobject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..451f2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/auto_pyobject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#ifndef AUTO_PYOBJECT_H_
+#define AUTO_PYOBJECT_H_
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+class auto_pyobject{
+    mutable PyObject* PO;
+public:
+    auto_pyobject(): PO(NULL) { }
+
+    auto_pyobject(PyObject* po) : PO(po) { }
+
+    auto_pyobject(const auto_pyobject& other) : PO(*other){
+        other.PO = NULL;
+    }
+
+    ~auto_pyobject() {
+        Py_XDECREF(PO);
+    }
+
+    bool operator ! () const {
+        return !PO;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* operator * () const {
+        return PO;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* get() const {
+        return PO;
+    }
+private:
+    // disable assign
+    void operator = (const auto_pyobject&);
+};
+
+#endif AUTO_PYOBJECT_H_
+
diff --git a/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/conversion.h b/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/conversion.h
index c3d6e36..0e30c60 100644
--- a/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/conversion.h
+++ b/newbinding/include/llvm_binding/conversion.h
@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@ static
 PyObject* py_str_from(const std::string &str){
     return PyString_FromStringAndSize(str.c_str(), str.size());
 }
+//
+//static
+//PyObject* py_str_from(const llvm::StringRef *str){
+//    return py_str_from(str->str());
+//}
 
 static
 PyObject* py_bool_from(bool val){
diff --git a/newbinding/src/AssemblyAnnotationWriter.py b/newbinding/src/AssemblyAnnotationWriter.py
index 5641232..d2b5a5d 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/AssemblyAnnotationWriter.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/AssemblyAnnotationWriter.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from binding import *
 from namespace import llvm
 
-AssemblyAnnotationWriter = llvm.Class()
-AssemblyAnnotationWriter.include.add("llvm/Assembly/AssemblyAnnotationWriter.h")
+@llvm.Class()
+class AssemblyAnnotationWriter:
+    _include_ = "llvm/Assembly/AssemblyAnnotationWriter.h"
 
diff --git a/newbinding/src/Constant.py b/newbinding/src/Constant.py
index 24045bb..14ff6bb 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/Constant.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/Constant.py
@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@ from binding import *
 from namespace import llvm
 from User import User
 
-Constant = User.Subclass()
+@llvm.Class(User)
+class Constant:
+    pass
diff --git a/newbinding/src/DerivedTypes.py b/newbinding/src/DerivedTypes.py
index d9dbb53..c57e01b 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/DerivedTypes.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/DerivedTypes.py
@@ -4,17 +4,15 @@ from LLVMContext import LLVMContext
 from Type import Type
 from SmallVector import SmallVector_Type
 
-FunctionType = Type.Subclass()
-FunctionType.include.add('llvm/DerivedTypes.h')
+FunctionType = llvm.Class(Type)
 
-_get_signatures = [(FunctionType.Pointer,
-                    Type.Pointer, Bool.From(bool)),
-                   (FunctionType.Pointer,
-                    Type.Pointer, SmallVector_Type.Ref, Bool.From(bool))]
+@FunctionType
+class FunctionType:
+    _include_ = 'llvm/DerivedTypes.h'
+    get = StaticMethod(ptr(FunctionType), ptr(Type), cast(bool, Bool))
+    get |= StaticMethod(ptr(FunctionType), ptr(Type), ref(SmallVector_Type), cast(bool, Bool))
+    isVarArg = Method(cast(Bool, bool))
+    getReturnType = Method(ptr(Type))
+    getParamType = Method(ptr(Type), cast(int, Unsigned))
+    getNumParams = Method(cast(Unsigned, int))
 
-get = FunctionType.staticmultimethod(*_get_signatures)
-
-isVarArg = FunctionType.method(Bool.To(bool))
-getReturnType = FunctionType.method(Type.Pointer)
-getParamType = FunctionType.method(Type.Pointer, Unsigned.From(int))
-getNumParams = FunctionType.method(Unsigned.To(int))
diff --git a/newbinding/src/LLVMContext.py b/newbinding/src/LLVMContext.py
index 0965748..f2526db 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/LLVMContext.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/LLVMContext.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from binding import *
 from namespace import llvm
 
-LLVMContext = llvm.Class()
-LLVMContext.include.add("llvm/LLVMContext.h")
-
-getGlobalContext = llvm.Function(LLVMContext.Ref)
+@llvm.Class()
+class LLVMContext:
+    _include_ = "llvm/LLVMContext.h"
 
+llvm.Function('getGlobalContext', ref(LLVMContext))
diff --git a/newbinding/src/Module.py b/newbinding/src/Module.py
index 67ac8b0..6a6a806 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/Module.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/Module.py
@@ -7,39 +7,39 @@ from DerivedTypes import FunctionType
 from raw_ostream import raw_ostream
 from AssemblyAnnotationWriter import AssemblyAnnotationWriter
 
-# class Module
-Module = llvm.Class()
-Module.include.add("llvm/Module.h")
+@llvm.Class()
+class Module:
+    _include_ = "llvm/Module.h"
+    # Enumerators
+    Endianness = Enum('AnyEndianness', 'LittleEndian', 'BigEndian')
+    PointerSize = Enum('AnyPointerSize', 'Pointer32', 'Pointer64')
 
-# Enumerators
-Endianness = Module.Enum('AnyEndianness', 'LittleEndian', 'BigEndian')
-PointerSize = Module.Enum('AnyPointerSize', 'Pointer32', 'Pointer64')
+    # Constructors & Destructors
+    new = Constructor(cast(str, StringRef), ref(LLVMContext))
+    delete = Destructor()
 
-# Constructors & Destructors
-new = Module.new(StringRef.From(str), LLVMContext.Ref)
-delete = Module.delete()
+    # Module Level Accessor
+    getModuleIdentifier = Method(cast(ConstStdString, str))
+    getDataLayout = Method(cast(ConstStdString, str))
+    getTargetTriple = Method(cast(ConstStdString, str))
+    getEndianness = Method(Endianness)
+    getPointerSize = Method(PointerSize)
+    getContext = Method(ref(LLVMContext))
+    getModuleInlineAsm = Method(cast(ConstStdString, str))
 
-# Module Level Accessor
-getModuleIdentifier = Module.method(ConstStdString.To(str))
-getDataLayout = Module.method(ConstStdString.To(str))
-getTargetTriple = Module.method(ConstStdString.To(str))
-getEndianness = Module.method(Endianness)
-getPointerSize = Module.method(PointerSize)
-getContext = Module.method(LLVMContext.Ref)
-getModuleInlineAsm = Module.method(ConstStdString.To(str))
+    # Module Level Mutators
+    setModuleIdentifier = Method(Void, cast(str, StringRef))
+    setDataLayout = Method(Void, cast(str, StringRef))
+    setTargetTriple = Method(Void, cast(str, StringRef))
+    setModuleInlineAsm = Method(Void, cast(str, StringRef))
+    appendModuleInlineAsm = Method(Void, cast(str, StringRef))
 
-# Module Level Mutators
-setModuleIdentifier = Module.method(Void, StringRef.From(str))
-setDataLayout = Module.method(Void, StringRef.From(str))
-setTargetTriple = Module.method(Void, StringRef.From(str))
-setModuleInlineAsm = Module.method(Void, StringRef.From(str))
-appendModuleInlineAsm = Module.method(Void, StringRef.From(str))
+    # Function Accessors
+    getOrInsertFunction = Method(ptr(Constant), cast(str, StringRef), ptr(FunctionType))
 
-# Function Accessors
-getOrInsertFunction = Module.method(Constant.Pointer, StringRef.From(str), FunctionType.Pointer)
+    # Utilities
+    dump = Method(Void)
+    print_ = Method(Void, ref(raw_ostream), ptr(AssemblyAnnotationWriter))
+    print_.realname = 'print'
 
-# Utilities
-dump = Module.method(Void)
-print_ = Module.method(Void, raw_ostream.Ref, AssemblyAnnotationWriter.Pointer)
-print_.realname = 'print'
-dropAllReferences = Module.method(Void)
+    dropAllReferences = Method()
diff --git a/newbinding/src/SmallVector.py b/newbinding/src/SmallVector.py
index 225c720..d00b294 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/SmallVector.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/SmallVector.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from binding import *
 from namespace import llvm
 
-SmallVector_Type = llvm.Class()
-delete = SmallVector_Type.delete()
+@llvm.Class()
+class SmallVector_Type:
+    delete = Destructor()
diff --git a/newbinding/src/StringRef.py b/newbinding/src/StringRef.py
index 554629b..fb3b896 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/StringRef.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/StringRef.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from binding import *
 from namespace import llvm
 
-StringRef = llvm.Class()
-StringRef.include.add("llvm/ADT/StringRef.h")
+@llvm.Class()
+class StringRef:
+    _include_ = "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
 
diff --git a/newbinding/src/Type.py b/newbinding/src/Type.py
index 3703200..45f9444 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/Type.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/Type.py
@@ -4,93 +4,112 @@ from LLVMContext import LLVMContext
 from raw_ostream import raw_ostream
 
 Type = llvm.Class()
-Type.include.add('llvm/Type.h')
+IntegerType = llvm.Class(Type)
+CompositeType = llvm.Class(Type)
+SequentialType = llvm.Class(CompositeType)
+PointerType = llvm.Class(SequentialType)
 
-IntegerType = Type.Subclass()
-CompositeType = Type.Subclass()
-SequentialType = CompositeType.Subclass()
-PointerType = SequentialType.Subclass()
+@Type
+class Type:
+    _include_ = 'llvm/Type.h'
 
-getContext = Type.method(LLVMContext.Ref)
-dump = Type.method(Void)
-print_ = Type.method(Void, raw_ostream.Ref)
-print_.realname = 'print'
+    getContext = Method(ref(LLVMContext))
+    dump = Method()
+    print_ = Method(Void, ref(raw_ostream))
+    print_.realname = 'print'
 
-def type_checker():
-    return Type.method(Bool.To(bool))
+    def type_checker():
+        return Method(cast(Bool, bool))
 
-isVoidTy = type_checker()
-isHalfTy = type_checker()
-isFloatTy = type_checker()
-isDoubleTy = type_checker()
-isX86_FP80Ty = type_checker()
-isFP128Ty = type_checker()
-isPPC_FP128Ty = type_checker()
-isFloatingPointTy = type_checker()
-isX86_MMXTy = type_checker()
-isFPOrFPVectorTy = type_checker()
-isLabelTy = type_checker()
-isMetadataTy = type_checker()
-isIntOrIntVectorTy = type_checker()
-isFunctionTy = type_checker()
-isStructTy = type_checker()
-isArrayTy = type_checker()
-isPointerTy = type_checker()
-isPtrOrPtrVectorTy = type_checker()
-isVectorTy = type_checker()
-isEmptyTy = type_checker()
-isPrimitiveType = type_checker()
-isDerivedType = type_checker()
-isFirstClassType = type_checker()
-isSingleValueType = type_checker()
-isAggregateType = type_checker()
-isSized = type_checker()
+    isVoidTy = type_checker()
+    isHalfTy = type_checker()
+    isFloatTy = type_checker()
+    isDoubleTy = type_checker()
+    isX86_FP80Ty = type_checker()
+    isFP128Ty = type_checker()
+    isPPC_FP128Ty = type_checker()
+    isFloatingPointTy = type_checker()
+    isX86_MMXTy = type_checker()
+    isFPOrFPVectorTy = type_checker()
+    isLabelTy = type_checker()
+    isMetadataTy = type_checker()
+    isIntOrIntVectorTy = type_checker()
+    isFunctionTy = type_checker()
+    isStructTy = type_checker()
+    isArrayTy = type_checker()
+    isPointerTy = type_checker()
+    isPtrOrPtrVectorTy = type_checker()
+    isVectorTy = type_checker()
+    isEmptyTy = type_checker()
+    isPrimitiveType = type_checker()
+    isDerivedType = type_checker()
+    isFirstClassType = type_checker()
+    isSingleValueType = type_checker()
+    isAggregateType = type_checker()
+    isSized = type_checker()
 
-isIntegerTy = Type.multimethod([Bool.To(bool)],
-                               [Bool.To(bool), Unsigned.From(int)])
+    isIntegerTy = Method(cast(Bool, bool))
+    isIntegerTy |= Method(cast(Bool, bool), cast(int, Unsigned))
 
 
-def type_factory():
-    return Type.staticmethod(Type.Pointer, LLVMContext.Ref)
+    def type_factory():
+        return StaticMethod(ptr(Type), ref(LLVMContext))
 
-getVoidTy = type_factory()
-getLabelTy = type_factory()
-getHalfTy = type_factory()
-getFloatTy = type_factory()
-getDoubleTy = type_factory()
-getMetadataTy = type_factory()
-getX86_FP80Ty = type_factory()
-getFP128Ty = type_factory()
-getPPC_FP128Ty = type_factory()
-getX86_MMXTy = type_factory()
+    getVoidTy = type_factory()
+    getLabelTy = type_factory()
+    getHalfTy = type_factory()
+    getFloatTy = type_factory()
+    getDoubleTy = type_factory()
+    getMetadataTy = type_factory()
+    getX86_FP80Ty = type_factory()
+    getFP128Ty = type_factory()
+    getPPC_FP128Ty = type_factory()
+    getX86_MMXTy = type_factory()
 
-getIntNTy = Type.staticmethod(IntegerType.Pointer, LLVMContext.Ref, Unsigned.From(int))
+    getIntNTy = StaticMethod(ptr(IntegerType), ref(LLVMContext), cast(Unsigned, int))
 
-def integer_factory():
-    return Type.staticmethod(IntegerType.Pointer, LLVMContext.Ref)
+    def integer_factory():
+        return StaticMethod(ptr(IntegerType), ref(LLVMContext))
 
-getInt1Ty = integer_factory()
-getInt8Ty = integer_factory()
-getInt16Ty = integer_factory()
-getInt32Ty = integer_factory()
-getInt64Ty = integer_factory()
+    getInt1Ty = integer_factory()
+    getInt8Ty = integer_factory()
+    getInt16Ty = integer_factory()
+    getInt32Ty = integer_factory()
+    getInt64Ty = integer_factory()
 
-def pointer_factory():
-    return Type.staticmethod(PointerType.Pointer, LLVMContext.Ref)
+    def pointer_factory():
+        return StaticMethod(ptr(PointerType), ref(LLVMContext))
 
-getHalfPtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getFloatPtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getDoublePtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getX86_FP80PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getFP128PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getPPC_FP128PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getX86_MMXPtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getInt1PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getInt8PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getInt16PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getInt32PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getInt64PtrTy = pointer_factory()
-getIntNPtrTy = Type.staticmethod(PointerType.Pointer,
-                                 LLVMContext.Ref, Unsigned.From(int))
+    getHalfPtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getFloatPtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getDoublePtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getX86_FP80PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getFP128PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getPPC_FP128PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getX86_MMXPtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getInt1PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getInt8PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getInt16PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getInt32PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getInt64PtrTy = pointer_factory()
+    getIntNPtrTy = StaticMethod(ptr(PointerType),
+                                ref(LLVMContext), cast(int, Unsigned))
 
 
+@IntegerType
+class IntegerType:
+    pass
+
+
+@CompositeType
+class CompositeType:
+    pass
+
+@SequentialType
+class SequentialType:
+    pass
+
+@PointerType
+class PointerType:
+    pass
+
diff --git a/newbinding/src/User.py b/newbinding/src/User.py
index 8753983..dbc290d 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/User.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/User.py
@@ -2,4 +2,7 @@ from binding import *
 from namespace import llvm
 from Value import Value
 
-User = Value.Subclass()
+@llvm.Class(Value)
+class User:
+    pass
+
diff --git a/newbinding/src/Value.py b/newbinding/src/Value.py
index 062ad43..9d1a2dd 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/Value.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/Value.py
@@ -5,20 +5,23 @@ from AssemblyAnnotationWriter import AssemblyAnnotationWriter
 from Type import Type
 from LLVMContext import LLVMContext
 from StringRef import StringRef
-#
+
 Value = llvm.Class()
 
-dump = Value.method(Void)
+@Value
+class Value:
 
-print_ = Value.method(Void, raw_ostream.Ref, AssemblyAnnotationWriter.Pointer)
-print_.realname = 'print'
+    dump = Method()
 
-getType = Value.method(Type.Pointer)
-getContext = Value.method(LLVMContext.Ref)
+    print_ = Method(Void, ref(raw_ostream), ptr(AssemblyAnnotationWriter))
+    print_.realname = 'print'
 
-hasName = Value.method(Bool.To(bool))
-# skip getValueName, setValueName
-getName = Value.method(StringRef.To(str))
-setName = Value.method(Void, StringRef.From(str))
+    getType = Method(ptr(Type))
+    getContext = Method(ref(LLVMContext))
 
-replaceAllUsesWith = Value.method(Void, Value.Pointer)
\ No newline at end of file
+    hasName = Method(cast(Bool, bool))
+    # skip getValueName, setValueName
+    getName = Method(cast(StringRef, str))
+    setName = Method(Void, cast(str, StringRef))
+
+    replaceAllUsesWith = Method(Void, ptr(Value))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/newbinding/src/__init__.py b/newbinding/src/__init__.py
index e69de29..6e24918 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/__init__.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from . import Module
+
diff --git a/newbinding/src/namespace.py b/newbinding/src/namespace.py
index 02af8c9..c50256d 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/namespace.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/namespace.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 from binding import *
 
-extra = Namespace('llvm_extra')
 llvm = Namespace('llvm')
diff --git a/newbinding/src/raw_ostream.py b/newbinding/src/raw_ostream.py
index 64e8046..2f5a6f5 100644
--- a/newbinding/src/raw_ostream.py
+++ b/newbinding/src/raw_ostream.py
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@ from namespace import llvm
 from LLVMContext import LLVMContext
 from StringRef import StringRef
 
-raw_ostream = llvm.Class()
-raw_ostream.include.add("llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h")
-delete = raw_ostream.delete()
+@llvm.Class()
+class raw_ostream:
+    _include_ = "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+    delete = Destructor()
+
+@llvm.Class(raw_ostream)
+class raw_svector_ostream:
+    _include_ = "llvm/Support/raw_os_ostream.h"
+    _base_ = raw_ostream
+
+    str = Method(cast(str, StringRef))
 
-raw_svector_ostream = raw_ostream.Subclass()
-raw_svector_ostream.include.add("llvm/Support/raw_os_ostream.h")
-str = raw_svector_ostream.method(StringRef.To(str))
diff --git a/newbinding/test2.py b/newbinding/test2.py
index ac74594..afb3608 100644
--- a/newbinding/test2.py
+++ b/newbinding/test2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import api
+import extra
 import _capsule
 api.capsule.set_debug(True)
 context = api.getGlobalContext()
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ assert m.getPointerSize() == api.Module.PointerSize.AnyPointerSize
 m.dump()
 
 
-os = api.make_raw_ostream_for_printing()
+os = extra.make_raw_ostream_for_printing()
 m.print_(os, None)
 print os.str()
 
@@ -29,15 +30,15 @@ fnty = api.FunctionType.get(int1ty, False)
 fnty.dump()
 
 types = [int1ty, api.Type.getIntNTy(context, 21)]
-svt = api.make_small_vector_from_types(*types)
+svt = extra.make_small_vector_from_types(*types)
 fnty = api.FunctionType.get(int1ty, svt, False)
 
-os = api.make_raw_ostream_for_printing()
+os = extra.make_raw_ostream_for_printing()
 fnty.print_(os)
 print os.str()
 
 fn = m.getOrInsertFunction("foo", fnty)
-os = api.make_raw_ostream_for_printing()
+os = extra.make_raw_ostream_for_printing()
 fn.print_(os, None)
 print os.str()
 assert fn.hasName()
diff --git a/newbinding/utils.py b/newbinding/utils.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c39990..0000000
--- a/newbinding/utils.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-
-def indent_println(println):
-    def _println(s):
-        println("%s%s" % (' '* 4, s))
-    return _println
-