Reorganize and add strings

This commit is contained in:
flaviut 2014-06-20 16:34:00 -04:00
commit 6a7392eff4
5 changed files with 79 additions and 31 deletions

View file

@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
---
title: Primitive Data Structures
---
# Primitive Data Structures
Nimrod contains several basic builtin data structures: sequences, strings, bitsets, and arrays.
## Strings
``` nimrod
echo "words words words ⚑"
echo """
<html>
<head>
<head/>\n\n
<body>
<body/>
<html/> """
proc re(s: string): string = s
echo r" "" "
echo re"\b[a-z]++\b"
```
``` console
$ nimrod c -r strings.nim
words words words ⚑
<html>
<head>
<head/>\n\n
<body>
<body/>
<html/>
"
\b[a-z]++\b
```
There are several things to note about strings:
- Quoted Strings: Created by wrapping the body in triple quotes, they never interpret escape codes
- Raw Strings: created by prefixing the string with an `r`. Escape sequences don't work, except for `"`, which can be escaped as `""`
- Proc Strings: raw strings, but the method name that prefixes the string is called

View file

@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
---
title: Primitives
---
# Primitives
Nimrod has several primitive types:
* signed integers: `int8`, `int16`, `int32`, `int64`, and `int`, where `int` is the same size as a pointer
* unsigned integers are similar with `u` prepended to the type
* floating points numbers: `float32`, `float64`, and `float`, where `float` is the processor's fastest type
* characters: `char`, and basically an alias for uint8
To indicate the size of an integer literal, append `u` or `i` and the size you'd like to the end. However, this is not typically necessary.
Integers can also have `0[xX]`, `0o`, `0[Bb]` prepended to indicate a hex, octal, or binary literal, respectively. Underscores are also valid in literals, and can help with readability.
``` nimrod
let
a: int8 = 0x7F # Works
b: uint8 = 0x1111_1111 # Works
d = 0xFF # type is int
c: uint8 = 256 # Compile time error
```
Precedence rules are the same as most other languages, but instead of `^`, `&`, `|`, `>>`, `<<`, the `xor`, `and`, `or`, `shr`, `shl` operators are used, respectively.
``` nimrod
let
a: int = 2
b: int = 4
echo 4/2
```
``` console
$ nimrod c -r numbers2.nim
2.0
```
Another difference that may be surprising is that the `/` operator returns a floating point result, even when the operands are integers. If integer division is needed, the `div` operator should be used.

26
content/types/range.md Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
---
title: Range Types
---
# Range Types
Range types that guarantee a value will always be within a given range also exist. Whenever possible, out-of-bounds values will fail at compile-time, otherwise they will fail at run-time.
``` nimrod
type
TwoDigits* = range[10..99]
let a = 2
var b: TwoDigits = 99 + a # Fails at run-time
let c: TwoDigits = 100 # Fails at compile-time
```
Also note that range types also work on any other ordinal type, so a range over an enum is also valid:
``` nimrod
type
MyEnum = enum
A, B, C, D, E
BToD = range[B..D]
let value: BToD = C
```