diff --git a/CHANGES.current b/CHANGES.current
index af6707824..5b572e04f 100644
--- a/CHANGES.current
+++ b/CHANGES.current
@@ -5,6 +5,13 @@ See the RELEASENOTES file for a summary of changes in each release.
 Version 3.0.9 (in progress)
 ===========================
 
+2016-05-14: wsfulton
+            Fix #434 - Passing classes by value as parameters in director methods did not create
+            a copy of the argument leading to invalid memory accesses if the object was used
+            after the upcall into the target language. Passing arguments by value shouldn't give
+            rise to these sorts of memory problems and so the objects are now copied and ownership
+            of their lifetime is controlled by the target language.
+
 2016-05-07: wsfulton
             Fix #611. Fix assertion handling defaultargs when using %extend for a template
             class and the extended methods contain default arguments.
diff --git a/Examples/test-suite/common.mk b/Examples/test-suite/common.mk
index ddcdc658b..efece0066 100644
--- a/Examples/test-suite/common.mk
+++ b/Examples/test-suite/common.mk
@@ -174,7 +174,6 @@ CPP_TEST_CASES += \
 	director_abstract \
 	director_alternating \
 	director_basic \
-	director_property \
 	director_binary_string \
 	director_classes \
 	director_classic \
@@ -189,12 +188,14 @@ CPP_TEST_CASES += \
 	director_ignore \
 	director_keywords \
 	director_namespace_clash \
+	director_nested \
 	director_nspace \
 	director_nspace_director_name_collision \
-	director_nested \
 	director_overload \
 	director_overload2 \
+	director_pass_by_value \
 	director_primitives \
+	director_property \
 	director_protected \
 	director_protected_overloaded \
 	director_redefined \
diff --git a/Examples/test-suite/csharp/director_pass_by_value_runme.cs b/Examples/test-suite/csharp/director_pass_by_value_runme.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba6371590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Examples/test-suite/csharp/director_pass_by_value_runme.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+using System;
+using director_pass_by_valueNamespace;
+
+public class runme
+{
+  private static void WaitForGC()
+  {
+    System.GC.Collect();
+    System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
+    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10);
+  }
+
+  static void Main()
+  {
+    runme r = new runme();
+    r.run();
+  }
+
+  void run()
+  {
+    Caller caller = new Caller();
+    caller.call_virtualMethod(new director_pass_by_value_Derived());
+    {
+      int countdown = 5;
+      while (true) {
+        WaitForGC();
+        if (--countdown == 0)
+          break;
+      };
+    }
+    // bug was the passByVal 'global' object was destroyed after the call to virtualMethod had finished.
+    int ret = runme.passByVal.getVal();
+    if (ret != 0x12345678)
+      throw new Exception("Bad return value, got " + ret.ToString("x"));
+  }
+  public static PassedByValue passByVal;
+}
+
+class director_pass_by_value_Derived : DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase {
+  public override void virtualMethod(PassedByValue pbv) {
+    runme.passByVal = pbv;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Examples/test-suite/director_pass_by_value.i b/Examples/test-suite/director_pass_by_value.i
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31d8ce2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Examples/test-suite/director_pass_by_value.i
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+%module(directors="1") director_pass_by_value
+%director DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase;
+
+%inline %{
+class PassedByValue {
+  int val;
+public:
+  PassedByValue() { val = 0x12345678; }
+  int getVal() { return val; }
+};
+
+int doSomething(int x) {
+  int yy[256];
+  yy[0] =0x9876;
+  return yy[0];
+}
+
+class DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase {
+public:
+  virtual void virtualMethod(PassedByValue pbv) = 0;
+  virtual ~DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase () {}
+};
+
+class Caller {
+public:
+  void call_virtualMethod(DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase &f) {
+    f.virtualMethod(PassedByValue());
+  }
+};
+%}
diff --git a/Examples/test-suite/java/director_pass_by_value_runme.java b/Examples/test-suite/java/director_pass_by_value_runme.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24ded2ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Examples/test-suite/java/director_pass_by_value_runme.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+import director_pass_by_value.*;
+
+public class director_pass_by_value_runme {
+
+  static {
+    try {
+      System.loadLibrary("director_pass_by_value");
+    } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+      System.err.println("Native code library failed to load. See the chapter on Dynamic Linking Problems in the SWIG Java documentation for help.\n" + e);
+      System.exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void WaitForGC() {
+    System.gc();
+    System.runFinalization();
+    try {
+      java.lang.Thread.sleep(10);
+    } catch (java.lang.InterruptedException e) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String argv[]) {
+    Caller caller = new Caller();
+    caller.call_virtualMethod(new director_pass_by_value_Derived());
+    {
+      int countdown = 5;
+      while (true) {
+        WaitForGC();
+        if (--countdown == 0)
+          break;
+      };
+    }
+    // bug was the passByVal 'global' object was destroyed after the call to virtualMethod had finished.
+    int ret = director_pass_by_value_runme.passByVal.getVal();
+    if (ret != 0x12345678)
+      throw new RuntimeException("Bad return value, got " + Integer.toHexString(ret));
+  }
+
+  static PassedByValue passByVal;
+}
+
+class director_pass_by_value_Derived extends DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase {
+  public void virtualMethod(PassedByValue pbv) {
+    director_pass_by_value_runme.passByVal = pbv;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Examples/test-suite/php/director_pass_by_value_runme.php b/Examples/test-suite/php/director_pass_by_value_runme.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a8b84d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Examples/test-suite/php/director_pass_by_value_runme.php
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+require "tests.php";
+require "director_pass_by_value.php";
+
+$passByVal = null;
+
+class director_pass_by_value_Derived extends DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase {
+  function virtualMethod($b) {
+    global $passByVal;
+    $passByVal = $b;
+  }
+}
+
+# bug was the passByVal global object was destroyed after the call to virtualMethod had finished.
+$caller = new Caller();
+$caller->call_virtualMethod(new director_pass_by_value_Derived());
+$ret = $passByVal->getVal();
+if ($ret != 0x12345678) {
+  check::fail("Bad return value, got " . dechex($ret));
+}
+
+check::done();
+?>
diff --git a/Examples/test-suite/python/director_pass_by_value_runme.py b/Examples/test-suite/python/director_pass_by_value_runme.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7744db962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Examples/test-suite/python/director_pass_by_value_runme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import director_pass_by_value
+
+passByVal = None
+class director_pass_by_value_Derived(director_pass_by_value.DirectorPassByValueAbstractBase):
+  def virtualMethod(self, b):
+    global passByVal
+    passByVal = b
+
+# bug was the passByVal global object was destroyed after the call to virtualMethod had finished.
+director_pass_by_value.Caller().call_virtualMethod(director_pass_by_value_Derived())
+ret = passByVal.getVal();
+if ret != 0x12345678:
+  raise RuntimeError("Bad return value, got " + hex(ret))
diff --git a/Lib/csharp/csharp.swg b/Lib/csharp/csharp.swg
index f7b7927ba..d94336194 100644
--- a/Lib/csharp/csharp.swg
+++ b/Lib/csharp/csharp.swg
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@ SWIGINTERN const char * SWIG_UnpackData(const char *c, void *ptr, size_t sz) {
 #endif
 
 %typemap(directorin) SWIGTYPE 
-%{ $input = (void *)&$1; %}
-%typemap(csdirectorin) SWIGTYPE "new $&csclassname($iminput, false)"
+%{ $input = (void *)new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1); %}
+%typemap(csdirectorin) SWIGTYPE "new $&csclassname($iminput, true)"
 %typemap(csdirectorout) SWIGTYPE "$&csclassname.getCPtr($cscall).Handle"
 
 /* Generic pointers and references */
diff --git a/Lib/csharp/swiginterface.i b/Lib/csharp/swiginterface.i
index 3741b87ac..e5bfd23a4 100644
--- a/Lib/csharp/swiginterface.i
+++ b/Lib/csharp/swiginterface.i
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     $*csclassname ret = (cPtr == global::System.IntPtr.Zero) ? null : new $*csclassname(cPtr, $owner);$excode
     return ($*csinterfacename)ret;
   }
-%typemap(csdirectorin) CTYPE "($&csinterfacename)new $&csclassname($iminput, false)"
+%typemap(csdirectorin) CTYPE "($&csinterfacename)new $&csclassname($iminput, true)"
 %typemap(csdirectorin) CTYPE & "($csinterfacename)new $csclassname($iminput, false)"
 %typemap(csdirectorin) CTYPE *, CTYPE [] "($iminput == global::System.IntPtr.Zero) ? null : ($csinterfacename)new $csclassname($iminput, false)"
 %typemap(csdirectorin) CTYPE *const& "($iminput == global::System.IntPtr.Zero) ? null : ($*csinterfacename)new $*csclassname($iminput, false)"
diff --git a/Lib/d/dswigtype.swg b/Lib/d/dswigtype.swg
index 41336dc91..f91d6dfe6 100644
--- a/Lib/d/dswigtype.swg
+++ b/Lib/d/dswigtype.swg
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 #endif
 
 %typemap(directorin) SWIGTYPE
-  "$input = (void *)&$1;"
+  "$input = (void *)new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1);"
 %typemap(directorout) SWIGTYPE
 %{ if (!$input) {
      SWIG_DSetPendingException(SWIG_DIllegalArgumentException, "Unexpected null return for type $1_type");
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
    }
    $result = *($&1_ltype)$input; %}
 
-%typemap(ddirectorin) SWIGTYPE "new $&dclassname($winput, false)"
+%typemap(ddirectorin) SWIGTYPE "new $&dclassname($winput, true)"
 %typemap(ddirectorout) SWIGTYPE "$&dclassname.swigGetCPtr($dcall)"
 
 %typemap(din) SWIGTYPE "$&dclassname.swigGetCPtr($dinput)"
diff --git a/Lib/go/go.swg b/Lib/go/go.swg
index bdd2aedea..53b653f7c 100644
--- a/Lib/go/go.swg
+++ b/Lib/go/go.swg
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
 %typemap(goout) SWIGTYPE ""
 
 %typemap(directorin) SWIGTYPE
-%{ $input = ($&1_ltype)&$1; %}
+%{ $input = new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1); %}
 
 %typemap(godirectorin) SWIGTYPE ""
 
diff --git a/Lib/java/java.swg b/Lib/java/java.swg
index 96ca562b6..d763c5e6f 100644
--- a/Lib/java/java.swg
+++ b/Lib/java/java.swg
@@ -647,8 +647,8 @@ SWIGINTERN const char * SWIG_UnpackData(const char *c, void *ptr, size_t sz) {
 
 %typemap(directorin,descriptor="L$packagepath/$&javaclassname;") SWIGTYPE 
 %{ $input = 0;
-   *(($&1_ltype*)&$input) = &$1; %}
-%typemap(javadirectorin) SWIGTYPE "new $&javaclassname($jniinput, false)"
+   *(($&1_ltype*)&$input) = new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1); %}
+%typemap(javadirectorin) SWIGTYPE "new $&javaclassname($jniinput, true)"
 %typemap(javadirectorout) SWIGTYPE "$&javaclassname.getCPtr($javacall)"
 
 /* Generic pointers and references */
diff --git a/Lib/java/swiginterface.i b/Lib/java/swiginterface.i
index 169118278..334464157 100644
--- a/Lib/java/swiginterface.i
+++ b/Lib/java/swiginterface.i
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     return (cPtr == 0) ? null : ($javainterfacename)new $javaclassname(cPtr, $owner);
   }
 
-%typemap(javadirectorin) CTYPE "($&javainterfacename)new $&javaclassname($jniinput, false)"
+%typemap(javadirectorin) CTYPE "($&javainterfacename)new $&javaclassname($jniinput, true)"
 %typemap(javadirectorin) CTYPE & "($javainterfacename)new $javaclassname($jniinput, false)"
 %typemap(javadirectorin) CTYPE *, CTYPE [] "($jniinput == 0) ? null : ($javainterfacename)new $javaclassname($jniinput, false)"
 %typemap(javadirectorin) CTYPE *const& "($jniinput == 0) ? null : ($*javainterfacename)new $*javaclassname($jniinput, false)"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 %typemap(javadirectorout) CTYPE *const& "$javacall.$*interfacename_GetInterfaceCPtr()"
 %typemap(directorin,descriptor="L$packagepath/$&javainterfacename;") CTYPE
 %{ $input = 0;
-   *(($&1_ltype*)&$input) = &$1; %}
+   *(($&1_ltype*)&$input) = new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1); %}
 %typemap(directorin,descriptor="L$packagepath/$javainterfacename;") CTYPE *, CTYPE []
 %{ *(($&1_ltype)&$input) = ($1_ltype) $1; %}
 %typemap(directorin,descriptor="L$packagepath/$javainterfacename;") CTYPE &
diff --git a/Lib/php/php.swg b/Lib/php/php.swg
index 05d25a1df..45dfb0b0d 100644
--- a/Lib/php/php.swg
+++ b/Lib/php/php.swg
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
 
 %typemap(directorin) SWIGTYPE
 {
-  SWIG_SetPointerZval($input, SWIG_as_voidptr(&$1), $&1_descriptor, 2);
+  SWIG_SetPointerZval($input, SWIG_as_voidptr(new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1)), $&1_descriptor, 1|2);
 }
 
 %typemap(out) void "";
diff --git a/Lib/typemaps/swigtype.swg b/Lib/typemaps/swigtype.swg
index 40d3ff5e9..d3633eb49 100644
--- a/Lib/typemaps/swigtype.swg
+++ b/Lib/typemaps/swigtype.swg
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@
 }
 
 %typemap(directorin,noblock=1) SWIGTYPE {
-  $input = SWIG_NewPointerObj(%as_voidptr(&$1), $&descriptor, %newpointer_flags);
+  $input = SWIG_NewPointerObj(%as_voidptr(new $1_ltype((const $1_ltype &)$1)), $&descriptor, SWIG_POINTER_OWN | %newpointer_flags);
 }
 
 %typemap(directorin,noblock=1) SWIGTYPE & {