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A few extra pointers for directors from Scott Michel.

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William S Fulton 2003-09-26 20:40:01 +00:00
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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li><a href="#n63">Adding an equals method to the Java classes</a> <li><a href="#n63">Adding an equals method to the Java classes</a>
<li><a href="#n64">Void pointers and a common Java base class</a> <li><a href="#n64">Void pointers and a common Java base class</a>
</ul> </ul>
<li><a href="#n65">Java class polymorphism (aka "directors")</a> <li><a href="#n65">Java class polymorphism (aka "directors" and "upcalls")</a>
<ul> <ul>
<li><a href="#n66">What are directors?</a> <li><a href="#n66">What are directors?</a>
<li><a href="#n67">Director-specific typemaps</a> <li><a href="#n67">Director-specific typemaps</a>
@ -102,17 +102,19 @@
<li><a href="#n68">%typemap(directorin)</a> <li><a href="#n68">%typemap(directorin)</a>
<li><a href="#n69">%typemap(javadirectorin)</a> <li><a href="#n69">%typemap(javadirectorin)</a>
<li><a href="#n70">%typemap(javadirectorout)</a> <li><a href="#n70">%typemap(javadirectorout)</a>
<li><a href="#n71">%typemap(javapackage)</a>
</ul> </ul>
<li><a href="#n71">Director method recursion</a> <li><a href="#n72">Director method recursion</a>
<li><a href="#n73">Living with Java Directors</a>
</ul> </ul>
<li><a href="#n72">Odds and ends</a> <li><a href="#n74">Odds and ends</a>
<ul> <ul>
<li><a href="#n73">JavaDoc comments</a> <li><a href="#n75">JavaDoc comments</a>
<li><a href="#n74">Functional interface without proxy classes</a> <li><a href="#n76">Functional interface without proxy classes</a>
<li><a href="#n75">Using your own JNI functions</a> <li><a href="#n77">Using your own JNI functions</a>
<li><a href="#n76">Performance concerns and hints</a> <li><a href="#n78">Performance concerns and hints</a>
</ul> </ul>
<li><a href="#n77">Examples</a> <li><a href="#n79">Examples</a>
</ul> </ul>
<!-- INDEX --> <!-- INDEX -->
@ -4092,7 +4094,7 @@ This example contains some useful functionality which you may want in your code.
</ul> </ul>
<a name="java_directors"></a> <a name="java_directors"></a>
<a name="n65"></a><H2>15.9 Java class polymorphism (aka "directors")</H2> <a name="n65"></a><H2>15.9 Java class polymorphism (aka "directors" and "upcalls")</H2>
<a name="java_directors_intro"></a> <a name="java_directors_intro"></a>
@ -4100,12 +4102,15 @@ This example contains some useful functionality which you may want in your code.
<p> <p>
Like the Python module, Java supports the "directors" feature. The "directors" Like the Python module, Java supports the <i>directors</i> feature. The
feature creates an invisible class in the SWIG-generated C++ code that <i>directors</i> feature creates a shadow class in the SWIG-generated C++ code
redirects a C++ class's virtual methods to a Java subclass. In essence, if that redirects a C++ class's virtual methods to a Java subclass, when the Java
a Java object is a subclass of the Java proxy class corresponding to an input C++ subclass overrides the method. The shadow class upcalls from C++ to Java when a
class, the SWIG-generated code will "upcall" to the Java subclass object instead Java object is derived from Java proxy class and the called method is
of the C++ method. overridden by the derived subclass. If the called method isn't overridden by
the proxy-derived class, the shadow director class will call the original C++
method or throw a Java Runtime exception if the C++ class is an abstract base
class.
<p> <p>
Consider the following SWIG interface file: Consider the following SWIG interface file:
@ -4124,20 +4129,27 @@ public:
}; };
<code></pre> <code></pre>
<p> <br>
'<code>%module(directors="1") example</code>' enables the directors feature for Notes:
the interface file. '<code>%feature("director") example</code>' enables the <ol>
director feature for the <code>director_example</code> class. <li><code>%module(directors="1") example</code> enables the directors
</p> feature for the interface file. The director feature <b>is not</b> turned on
by default.</li>
<li><code>%feature("director") example</code> enables the director feature
for all classes in the SWIG interface file. The director feature can be
enabled for individual classes using <code>%feature("director")
director_example</code>
</ol>
<p> <p>
Given the following director_derived Java class, the SWIG-generated C++ code The following <code>director_derived</code> Java class overrides the C++ and
redirects the call to the C++ <code>director_example::upcall_method()</code> to Java proxy class <code>director_example</code>'s upcall_method() method. When
the Java director_derived subclass, converting arguments, as applicable, to C++ code invokes <code>director_example::upcall_method()</code>, the
their corresponding Java counterparts. Thus, the following Java code outputs SWIG-generated C++ code redirects the call via JNI to the Java
"director_derived::upcall_method() invoked" when the <code>director_derived</code> subclass. The following code would output
<code>director_example</code> <code>upcall_method()</code> is actually "director_derived::upcall_method() invoked". Naturally, the SWIG generated C++
executed. code and the generated Java intermediate class marshall and convert arguments
between C++ and Java when needed.
</p> </p>
<pre><code> <pre><code>
@ -4159,12 +4171,15 @@ public class director_derived extends director_example
<p> <p>
The Java directors feature requires the <a The Java directors feature requires the <a
href="#java_directors_inv"><code>%typemap(directorin)</code></a>, the <a href="java_director_directorin"><code>%typemap(directorin)</code></a>, the <a
href="#java_directors_din"><code>%typemap(javadirectorin)</code></a> and the <a href="java_director_javadirectorin"><code>%typemap(javadirectorin)</code></a> and the <a
href="#java_directors_dout"><code>%typemap(javadirectorout)</code></a> type maps in href="java_director_javadirectorout"><code>%typemap(javadirectorout)</code></a> type maps in order to
order to work properly. work properly. The <a href="java_director_javapackage"><code>%typemap(javapackage)</code></a>
is an optional typemap used to identify the Java package path for
individual C++/SWIG-generated proxy classes.
</p> </p>
<a name="java_director_directorin"></a>
<a name="n68"></a><H4>15.9.2.1 %typemap(directorin)</H4> <a name="n68"></a><H4>15.9.2.1 %typemap(directorin)</H4>
@ -4197,6 +4212,8 @@ order to work properly.
Java will generate a "method not found" warning. Java will generate a "method not found" warning.
</p> </p>
<a name="java_director_javadirectorin"></a>
<a name="n69"></a><H4>15.9.2.2 %typemap(javadirectorin)</H4> <a name="n69"></a><H4>15.9.2.2 %typemap(javadirectorin)</H4>
@ -4211,6 +4228,7 @@ order to work properly.
the corresponding C++ object. the corresponding C++ object.
</p> </p>
<a name="java_director_javadirectorout"></a>
<a name="n70"></a><H4>15.9.2.3 %typemap(javadirectorout)</H4> <a name="n70"></a><H4>15.9.2.3 %typemap(javadirectorout)</H4>
@ -4228,8 +4246,75 @@ order to work properly.
by the derived class's method call and returned back to the C++ code. by the derived class's method call and returned back to the C++ code.
</p> </p>
<a name="java_director_javapackage"></a>
<a name="n71"></a><H4>15.9.2.4 %typemap(javapackage)</H4>
<p>
The <code>javapackage</code> typemap is optional; it serves to identify
a class's Java package. This typemap should be used in conjunction with
classes that are defined outside of the current SWIG interface file.
For example:
<br>
<code><pre>
// class Foo is handled in a different interface file:
%import "Foo.i"
%feature("director") Example;
%inline {
class Bar { };
class Example {
public:
virtual ~Example();
void ping(Foo *arg1, Bar *arg2);
};
}
</pre></code>
<br>
Assume that the Foo class is part of the Java package <i>wombat.foo</i> but
the above interface file is part of the Java package <i>wombat.example</i>.
Without the <code>javapackage</code> typemap, SWIG will assume that the Foo
class belongs to <i>wombat.example</i> class. The corrected interface file
looks like:
<br>
<code><pre>
// class Foo is handled in a different interface file:
%import "Foo.i"
%typemap("javapackage") Foo "wombat.foo";
%feature("director") Example;
%inline {
class Bar { };
class Example {
public:
virtual ~Example();
void ping(Foo *arg1, Bar *arg2);
};
}
</pre></code>
</p>
<p>
Practically speaking, you should create a separate SWIG interface file, which
is %import-ed into each SWIG interface file, when you have multiple Java packages:
<br>
<code><pre>
%typemap("javapackage") SWIGTYPE, SWIGTYPE *, SWIGTYPE &amp; "package.for.most.classes";
%typemap("javapackage") Package_2_class_one "package.for.other.classes";
%typemap("javapackage") Package_3_class_two "package.for.another.set";
/* etc */
</pre></code>
<br>
The basic strategy is to provide a default package typemap for the majority
of the classes, only providing <code>javapackage</code> typemaps for the
exceptions.
</p>
<a name="java_director_recursive"></a> <a name="java_director_recursive"></a>
<a name="n71"></a><H3>15.9.3 Director method recursion</H3> <a name="n72"></a><H3>15.9.3 Director method recursion</H3>
<p> <p>
@ -4268,12 +4353,33 @@ or selectively for individual methods:
</pre> </pre>
</p> </p>
<a name="java_directors_faq"></a>
<a name="n73"></a><H3>15.9.4 Living with Java Directors</H3>
<p>
This section is intended to address frequently asked questions and frequently
encountered problems when using Java directors.
</p>
<ul>
<li><i>When my program starts up, it complains that </i>method_foo<i> cannot
be found in a Java method called </i>swig_module_init<i>. How do I fix
this?</i></li>
<p> Open up the C++ wrapper source code file and look for
<code>"method_foo"</code> (include the double quotes, they are important!)
Look at the JNI field descriptor and make sure that each class that occurs in
the descriptor has the correct package name in front of it. If the package
name is incorrect, put a <code>javapackage</code> typemap in your SWIG
interface file. </p>
</ul>
<a name="odds_ends"></a> <a name="odds_ends"></a>
<a name="n72"></a><H2>15.10 Odds and ends</H2> <a name="n74"></a><H2>15.10 Odds and ends</H2>
<a name="javadoc_comments"></a> <a name="javadoc_comments"></a>
<a name="n73"></a><H3>15.10.1 JavaDoc comments</H3> <a name="n75"></a><H3>15.10.1 JavaDoc comments</H3>
The SWIG documentation system is currently deprecated. The SWIG documentation system is currently deprecated.
@ -4325,7 +4431,7 @@ public class Barmy {
<a name="functional_interface"></a> <a name="functional_interface"></a>
<a name="n74"></a><H3>15.10.2 Functional interface without proxy classes</H3> <a name="n76"></a><H3>15.10.2 Functional interface without proxy classes</H3>
It is possible to run SWIG in a mode that does not produce proxy classes by using the -noproxy commandline option. It is possible to run SWIG in a mode that does not produce proxy classes by using the -noproxy commandline option.
@ -4377,7 +4483,7 @@ All destructors have to be called manually for example the <tt>delete_Foo(foo)</
<a name="using_own_jni_functions"></a> <a name="using_own_jni_functions"></a>
<a name="n75"></a><H3>15.10.3 Using your own JNI functions</H3> <a name="n77"></a><H3>15.10.3 Using your own JNI functions</H3>
You may have some hand written JNI functions that you want to use in addition to the SWIG generated JNI functions. You may have some hand written JNI functions that you want to use in addition to the SWIG generated JNI functions.
@ -4418,7 +4524,7 @@ This directive is only really useful if you want to mix your own hand crafted JN
<a name="performance"></a> <a name="performance"></a>
<a name="n76"></a><H3>15.10.4 Performance concerns and hints</H3> <a name="n78"></a><H3>15.10.4 Performance concerns and hints</H3>
If you're directly manipulating huge arrays of complex objects from Java, performance may suffer greatly when using the array functions in <tt>arrays_java.i</tt>. If you're directly manipulating huge arrays of complex objects from Java, performance may suffer greatly when using the array functions in <tt>arrays_java.i</tt>.
@ -4436,7 +4542,7 @@ This method calls the C++ destructor or <tt>free()</tt> for C code.
<a name="java_examples"></a> <a name="java_examples"></a>
<a name="n77"></a><H2>15.11 Examples</H2> <a name="n79"></a><H2>15.11 Examples</H2>
The directory Examples/java has a number of further examples. The directory Examples/java has a number of further examples.