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Updated C++0x User's manual.

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<H1><a name="Cpp0x_nn1"></a>7 Swig and C++0x</H1>
<html>
<head>
<title>SWIG and Python</title>
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<H1><a name="Cpp0x"></a>7 SWIG and C++0x</H1>
<!-- INDEX -->
<div class="sectiontoc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#Extern template|outline">Extern template</a>
<li><a href="#Initializer lists|outline">Initializer lists</a>
<li><a href="#Type inference|outline">Type inference</a>
<li><a href="#Range-based for-loop|outline">Range-based for-loop</a>
<li><a href="#Null pointer constant|outline">Null pointer constant</a>
<li><a href="#Double angle brackets|outline">Double angle brackets</a>
<li><a href="#Template typedefs|outline">Template typedefs</a>
<li><a href="#Unrestricted unions|outline">Unrestricted unions</a>
<li><a href="#Variadic templates|outline">Variadic templates</a>
<li><a href="#New string literals|outline">New string literals</a>
<li><a href="#User-defined literals|outline">User-defined literals</a>
<li><a href="#Thread-local storage|outline">Thread-local storage</a>
<li><a href="#Type long long int|outline">Type long long int</a>
<li><a href="#Static assertions|outline">Static assertions</a>
<li><a href="#Threading facilities|outline">Threading facilities</a>
<li><a href="#Tuple types|outline">Tuple types</a>
<li><a href="#Hash tables|outline">Hash tables</a>
<li><a href="#Regular expressions|outline">Regular expressions</a>
<li><a href="#Wrapper reference|outline">Wrapper reference</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Introduction">Introduction</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Core_language_changes">Core language changes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Rvalue_reference_and_move_semantics">Rvalue reference and move semantics</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Generalized_constant_expressions">Generalized constant expressions</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Extern_template">Extern template</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Initializer_lists">Initializer lists</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Uniform_initialization">Uniform initialization</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Type_inference">Type inference</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Range-based_for-loop">Range-based for-loop</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Lambda_functions_and_expressions">Lambda functions and expressions</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Alternate_function_syntax">Alternate function syntax</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Object_construction_improvement">Object construction improvement</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Null_pointer_constant">Null pointer constant</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Strongly_typed_enumerations">Strongly typed enumerations</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Double_angle_brackets">Double angle brackets</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Explicit_conversion_operators">Explicit conversion operators</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Template_typedefs">Template typedefs</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Unrestricted_unions">Unrestricted unions</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Variadic_templates">Variadic templates</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_New_string_literals">New string literals</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_User-defined_literals">User-defined literals</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Thread-local_storage">Thread-local storage</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Defaulting/deleting_of_standard_functions_on_C++_objects">Defaulting/deleting of standard functions on C++ objects</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Type_long_long_int">Type long long int</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Static_assertions">Static assertions</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Allow_sizeof_to_work_on_members_of_classes_without_an_explicit_object">Allow sizeof to work on members of classes without an explicit object</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Standard_library_changes">Standard library changes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Threading_facilities">Threading facilities</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Tuple_types">Tuple types and hash tables</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Regular_expressions">Regular expressions</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_General-purpose_smart_pointers">General-purpose smart pointers</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Extensible_random_number_facility">Extensible random number facility</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Wrapper_reference">Wrapper reference</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Polymorphous_wrappers_for_function_objects">Polymorphous wrappers for function objects</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Type_traits_for_metaprogramming">Type traits for metaprogramming</a>
<li><a href="#Cpp0x_Uniform_method_for_computing_return_type_of_function_objects">Uniform method for computing return type of function objects</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- INDEX -->
<UL>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Rvalue reference and move semantics|outline">Rvalue
reference and move semantics</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Generalized constant expressions|outline">Generalized
constant expressions</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Extern template|outline">Extern
template</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Initializer lists|outline">Initializer
lists</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Uniform initialization|outline">Uniform
initialization</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Type inference|outline">Type
inference</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Range-based for-loop|outline">Range-based
for-loop</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Lambda functions and expressions|outline">Lambda
functions and expressions</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Alternate function syntax|outline">Alternate
function syntax</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Object construction improvement|outline">Object
construction improvement</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Null pointer constant|outline">Null
pointer constant</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Strongly typed enumerations|outline">Strongly
typed enumerations</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Double angle brackets|outline">Double
angle brackets</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Explicit conversion operators|outline">Explicit
conversion operators</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Template typedefs|outline">Template
typedefs</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Unrestricted unions|outline">Unrestricted
unions</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Variadic templates|outline">Variadic
templates</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#New string literals|outline">New
string literals</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#User-defined literals|outline">User-defined
literals</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Thread-local storage|outline">Thread-local
storage</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Defaulting/deleting of standard functions on C++ objects|outline">Defaulting/deleting
of standard functions on C++ objects</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Type long long int|outline">Type
long long int</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Static assertions|outline">Static
assertions</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Allow sizeof to work on members of classes without an explicit object|outline">Allow
sizeof to work on members of classes without an explicit object</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Threading facilities|outline">Threading
facilities</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Tuple types|outline">Tuple
types</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Hash tables|outline">Hash
tables</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Regular expressions|outline">Regular
expressions</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#General-purpose smart pointers|outline">General-purpose
smart pointers</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Extensible random number facility|outline">Extensible
random number facility</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Wrapper reference|outline">Wrapper
reference</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Polymorphous wrappers for function objects|outline">Polymorphous
wrappers for function objects</A></P>
<LI><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="#Type traits for metaprogramming|outline">Type
traits for metaprogramming</A></P>
<LI><P><A HREF="#Uniform method for computing return type of function objects|outline">Uniform
method for computing return type of function objects</A></P>
</UL>
<P>This chapter gives you a brief overview about the Swig
implementation of the C++0x standard. This area of Swig is a work in
<H2><a name="Cpp0x_Introduction"></a>7.1 Introduction</H2>
<p>This chapter gives you a brief overview about the Swig
implementation of the C++0x standard. This part of Swig is still a work in
progress. Initial C++0x support for Swig was written during the
Google Summer of Code 2009 period.</P>
<P>Swig supports all the new C++ syntax changes with some limitations
Google Summer of Code 2009 period.</p>
<p>Swig supports all the new C++ syntax changes with some limitations
(decltype expressions, variadic templates number). Wrappers for the
new types (unordered_ types, result_of, tuples) are not supported
yet.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Rvalue reference and move semantics|outline"></A>Rvalue
reference and move semantics</H2>
<P>Swig correctly parses the new operator &amp;&amp; the same as the
reference operator &amp;.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Generalized constant expressions|outline"></A>Generalized
constant expressions</H2>
<P>Swig correctly parses the keyword „constexpr“, but ignores its
functionality. Constant functions cannot be used as constants yet.</P>
<H2><a name="Extern template|outline"></a>7.1 Extern template</H2>
yet.</p>
<H2><a name="Cpp0x_Core_language_changes"></a>7.2 Core language changes</H2>
<P>Swig correctly parses the keywords „extern template“. The
explicit template instantiation is disabled in Swig.</P>
<H2><a name="Initializer lists|outline"></a>7.2 Initializer lists</H2>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Rvalue_reference_and_move_semantics"></a>7.2.1 Rvalue reference and move semantics</H3>
<P>Constructors using the std::initializer_list class are removed
<p>Swig correctly parses the new operator &amp;&amp; the same as the reference operator &amp;.</p>
<p>The wrapper for the following code is correctly produced:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class MyClass {
MyClass(MyClass&amp;&amp; p) : ptr(p.ptr) {p.ptr = 0;}
MyClass&amp; operator=(MyClass&amp;&amp; p) {
std::swap(ptr, p.ptr);
return *this;
}
};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Generalized_constant_expressions"></a>7.2.2 Generalized constant expressions</H3>
<p>Swig correctly parses the keyword "constexpr", but ignores its functionality. Constant functions cannot be used as constants yet.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
constexpr int myConstFunc() { return 10; }
const int a = myConstFunc(); // reslults in error
</PRE></div>
<p>User needs to use values or predefined constants when defining the new constant value:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
#define MY_CONST 10
constexpr int myConstFunc() { return MY_CONST; }
const int a = MY_CONST; // ok
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Extern_template"></a>7.2.3 Extern template</H3>
<p>Swig correctly parses the keywords "extern template". However, the explicit template instantiation is not usable for Swig.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
extern template class std::vector&lt;MyClass&gt;; // explicit instantiation
...
class MyClass {
public:
int a;
int b;
};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Initializer_lists"></a>7.2.4 Initializer lists</H3>
<p>Constructors using the std::initializer_list class are removed
from the wrapped class, because the only way to acess such a
constructor is at the compile time using the „= {}“ assignment.</P>
<P>User should add another constructor with specific arguments
filling the class members manually.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Uniform initialization|outline"></A>Uniform
initialization</H2>
<P>The curly brackets {} for memeber initialization are fully
supported by Swig.</P>
<H2><a name="Type inference|outline"></a>7.3 Type inference</H2>
constructor is at the compile time using the "= {}" assignment.</p>
<p>User should add another constructor with specific arguments
filling the class members manually.</p>
<p>For now, if a user wants to fill the class components like this:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class A {
public:
A( std::initializer_list&lt;int&gt; );
};
A a1 = {1,2,3,4};
</PRE></div>
<p>He should add another constructor using the std::vector for example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class A {
public:
A( std::initializer_list&lt;int&gt; );
A( std::vector&lt;int&gt; );
};
A a1 = {1,2,3,4};
</PRE></div>
<p>And call it in target language:</p>
<div class="targetlang"><PRE>
&gt;&gt;&gt; a2 = A( [1,2,3,4] )
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Uniform_initialization"></a>7.2.5 Uniform initialization</H3>
<P>Swig supports „decltype()“ with some limitations. Single
<p>The curly brackets {} for memeber initialization are fully
supported by Swig:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct BasicStruct {
int x;
double y;
};
struct AltStruct {
AltStruct(int x, double y) : x_{x}, y_{y} {}
int x_;
double y_;
};
BasicStruct var1{5, 3.2}; // only fills the struct components
AltStruct var2{2, 4.3}; // calls the constructor
</PRE></div>
<p>Usage in the target language is the same:</p>
<div class="targetlang"><PRE>
&gt;&gt;&gt; a = AltStruct(10, 142.15)
&gt;&gt;&gt; a.x_
10
&gt;&gt;&gt; a.y_
142.15
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Type_inference"></a>7.2.6 Type inference</H3>
<p>Swig supports "decltype()" with some limitations. Single
variable is allowed, however expressions are not supported yet. For
example:</P>
<PRE>int i; int j;
decltype(i+j) k;</PRE><P>
will result in an error.</P>
<H2><a name="Range-based for-loop|outline"></a>7.4 Range-based for-loop</H2>
example, the following code will work:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
int i;
decltype(i) j;
</PRE></div>
<p>However, using an expression inside the decltype results in syntax error:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
int i; int j;
decltype(i+j) k; // syntax error
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Range-based_for-loop"></a>7.2.7 Range-based for-loop</H3>
<P>This feature is part of the implementation block only. Swig
ignores it.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Lambda functions and expressions|outline"></A>Lambda
functions and expressions</H2>
<P>Swig correctly parses the Lambda functions syntax. The functions
are removed from the wrapper class, because of the lack of support
for closures in target languages (scope of the lambda functions).</P>
<H2><A NAME="Alternate function syntax|outline"></A>Alternate
function syntax</H2>
<P>Swig fully supports the new definition of functions. For example:</P>
<PRE STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.5cm">float square(float, float);</PRE><P>
can now be written as</P>
<PRE STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.5cm">auto square(float, float) -&gt; float;</PRE><P>
User can also use the type inference for the return type. For
example:</P>
<PRE>auto square(float a, float b) -&gt; decltype(a);</PRE><H2>
<A NAME="Object construction improvement|outline"></A>Object
construction improvement</H2>
<P>Swig correctly parses and includes the external functions
<p>This feature is part of the implementation block only. Swig
ignores it.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Lambda_functions_and_expressions"></a>7.2.8 Lambda functions and expressions</H3>
<p>Swig correctly parses the Lambda functions syntax. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
auto myLambdaFunc = [this]() { this->SomePrivateMemberFunction() };
</PRE></div>
<p>The lambda functions are removed from the wrapper class for now, because of the lack of support
for closures (scope of the lambda functions) in target languages though.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Alternate_function_syntax"></a>7.2.9 Alternate function syntax</H3>
<p>Swig fully supports the new definition of functions. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct SomeStruct {
int FuncName(int x, int y);
};
</PRE></div>
<p>can now be written as:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct SomeStruct {
auto FuncName(int x, int y) -> int;
};
auto SomeStruct::FuncName(int x, int y) -> int {
return x + y;
}
</PRE></div>
<p>The usage in the target languages remains the same:</p>
<div class="targetlang"><PRE>
&gt;&gt;&gt; a = SomeStruct()
&gt;&gt;&gt; a.FuncName(10,5)
15
</PRE></div>
<p>User can also use the type inference for the return type. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
auto square(float a, float b) -&gt; decltype(a);
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Object_construction_improvement"></a>7.2.10 Object construction improvement</H3>
<p>Swig correctly parses and includes the external functions
(constructor delegation and constructor inheritance) into the class
using the „using“ keyword.</P>
<H2><a name="Null pointer constant|outline"></a>7.5 Null pointer constant</H2>
using the "using" keyword.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class BaseClass {
public:
BaseClass(int iValue);
};
class DerivedClass: public BaseClass {
public:
using BaseClass::BaseClass; // Adds DerivedClass(int) constructor
};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Null_pointer_constant"></a>7.2.11 Null pointer constant</H3>
<P>Swig correctly maps the std::nullptr constant to the null pointer
constant in the target language.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Strongly typed enumerations|outline"></A>Strongly typed
enumerations</H2>
<P>Swig parses the new „enum class“ syntax, but does not support
nested classes yet. The strongly typed enumerations are treated the
same as the ordinary and anonymous enums for now.</P>
<H2><a name="Double angle brackets|outline"></a>7.6 Double angle brackets</H2>
<p>Swig correctly maps the std::nullptr constant to the null pointer
constant in the target language.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Strongly_typed_enumerations"></a>7.2.12 Strongly typed enumerations</H3>
<P>Swig correctly parses the symbols &gt;&gt; as the closure of the
<p>Swig parses the new "enum class" syntax and forward declarator for the enums:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
enum class MyEnum : unsigned int;
</PRE></div>
<p>The strongly typed enumerations are treated the same as the ordinary and anonymous enums for now,
because Swig doesn't support the nested classes. For example, the following code:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class Color {
enum class PrintingColors : unsigned int {
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
};
enum class BasicColors {
Red, Green, Blue
};
enum class AllColors {
// produces warnings because of duplicate names
Yellow, Orange, Red, Magenta, Blue, Cyan, Green, Pink, Black, White
};
};
</PRE></div>
<p>should be written as a series of separated classes containing anonymous enums:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class PrintingColors {
enum : unsigned int {
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
};
};
class BasicColors {
enum : unsigned int {
Red, Green, Blue
};
};
class AllColors {
enum : unsigned int {
Yellow, Orange, Red, Magenta, Blue, Cyan, Green, Pink, Black, White
};
};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Double_angle_brackets"></a>7.2.13 Double angle brackets</H3>
<p>Swig correctly parses the symbols &gt;&gt; as the closure of the
template block, if found inside it at the top level, or as the right
shift operator &gt;&gt; otherwise.</P>
<P>User can force the bit shifting operator using the parenthesis
around the expressions. For example</P>
<PRE>template&lt;(5&gt;&gt;3)&gt;<BR>class A {};</PRE><H2>
<A NAME="Explicit conversion operators|outline"></A>Explicit
conversion operators</H2>
<P>Swig correctly uses the keyword „explicit“ for function
objects.</P>
<H2><a name="Template typedefs|outline"></a>7.7 Template typedefs</H2>
shift operator &gt;&gt; otherwise.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; myIntTable;
</PRE></div>
<p>User can force the bit shifting operator using the parenthesis
around the expressions. For example</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
template&lt;(5&gt;&gt;3)&gt;
class A {};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Explicit_conversion_operators"></a>7.2.14 Explicit conversion operators</H3>
<P>Swig currently parses the new „using name =“ syntax, but
ignores the definition.</P>
<P>User should still define the typedefs using the old syntax.</P>
<H2><a name="Unrestricted unions|outline"></a>7.8 Unrestricted unions</H2>
<p>Swig correctly parses the keyword "explicit" both for operators and constructors.
For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
class U {
public:
int u;
};
class V {
public:
int v;
};
class TestClass {
public:
//implicit converting constructor
TestClass( U const &amp;val ) { t=val.u; }
// explicit constructor
explicit TestClass( V const &amp;val ) { t=val.v; }
int t;
};
</PRE></div>
<p>
The usage of explicit constructors and operators is somehow specific to C++ when assigning the value
of one object to another one of different type or translating one type to another. It requires both operator and function overloading features,
which are not supported by majority of Swig target languages. Also the constructors and operators are not particulary useful in any
Swig target languages, because all use their own faclities (eg. classes Cloneable and Comparable in Java)
to achieve particular copy and compare behaviours.
</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Template_typedefs"></a>7.2.15 Template typedefs</H3>
<P>Swig fully supports any type inside the union even if it does not
define the trivial constructor.</P>
<H2><a name="Variadic templates|outline"></a>7.9 Variadic templates</H2>
<p>Swig currently parses the new "using name =" syntax, but
ignores the definition:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
using PFD = void (*)(double); // New introduced syntax
</PRE></div>
<p>User should still define the typedefs using the old syntax:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
typedef void (*PFD)(double); // The old style
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Unrestricted_unions"></a>7.2.16 Unrestricted unions</H3>
<P>Swig fully supports the variadic templates syntax (inside the &lt;&gt;
<p>Swig fully supports any type inside the union even if it does not
define the trivial constructor. For example, the wrapper for the following
code is correctly produced:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct point {
point() {}
point(int x, int y): x_(x), y_(y) {}
int x_, y_;
};
union P {
int z;
double w;
point p; // Illegal in C++; point has a non-trivial constructor. However, this is legal in C++0x.
} p1;
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Variadic_templates"></a>7.2.17 Variadic templates</H3>
<p>Swig fully supports the variadic templates syntax (inside the &lt;&gt;
block, variadic class inheritance and variadic constructor and
initializers) with some limitations.</P>
<P>The %template statement however, accepts only the amount of
arguments as defined in the original template&lt;&gt; block.</P>
<H2><a name="New string literals|outline"></a>7.10 New string literals</H2>
initializers) with some limitations. The following code is correctly parsed:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
template &lt;typename... BaseClasses&gt; class ClassName : public BaseClasses... {
public:
ClassName (BaseClasses&amp;&amp;... baseClasses) : BaseClasses(baseClasses)... {}
}
</PRE></div>
<p>Support for the variadic sizeof() function was also introduced:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
const int SIZE = sizeof...(ClassName&lt;int, int&gt;);
</PRE></div>
<p>The %template statement however, accepts only at most as the amount of
arguments defined in the original template&lt;&gt; block for now:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
%template(MyVariant1) ClassName&lt;&gt; // ok
%template(MyVariant2) ClassName&lt;int&gt; // ok
%template(MyVariant3) ClassName&lt;int, int&gt; // too much arguments
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_New_string_literals"></a>7.2.18 New string literals</H3>
<P>Swig fully supports custom delimiters and unicode string
constants.</P>
<P>Swig currently incorrectly parses the odd number of double quotes
inside the string. Other symbols are correctly parsed.</P>
<H2><a name="User-defined literals|outline"></a>7.11 User-defined literals</H2>
<p>Swig fully supports custom delimiters and unicode string
constants.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
// New string literals
char *a = "ABC";
wstring wide = L"ABC";
char *b = u8"ABC";
char16_t *c = u"ABC";
char32_t *d = U"ABC";
// Custom String delimiter
char *e = R"XXX[to be or "not" to be [these are parenthesis], this is the question!]XXX";
wstring wide2 = LR"XXX[to be or "not" to be [these are parenthesis], this is the question!]XXX";
char *f = u8R"XXX[to be or "not" to be [these are parenthesis], this is the question!]XXX";
char16_t *g = uR"XXX[to be or "not" to be [these are parenthesis], this is the question!]XXX";
char32_t *h = UR"XXX[to be or "not" to be [these are parenthesis], this is the question!]XXX";
</PRE></div>
<p>Note: Swig currently incorrectly parses the odd number of double quotes
inside the string due to Swig's C++ preprocessor.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_User-defined_literals"></a>7.2.19 User-defined literals</H3>
<P>Swig correctly parses the new operator““_mysuffix() functions.</P>
<P>The %rename currently doesn't parse the double quotes so the user
should rename the functions in the code using the #define.</P>
<H2><a name="Thread-local storage|outline"></a>7.12 Thread-local storage</H2>
<p>Swig correctly parses the new operator""_mysuffix() functions.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
OutputType operator "" _mySuffix(const char * string_values, size_t num_chars);
OutputType operator "" _mySuffix(const wchar_t * string_values, size_t num_chars);
OutputType operator "" _mySuffix(const char16_t * string_values, size_t num_chars);
OutputType operator "" _mySuffix(const char32_t * string_values, size_t num_chars);
OutputType operator "" _mySuffix(int value);
</PRE></div>
<p>The %rename currently doesn't parse the double quotes so the user
should rename the functions in the code using the #define preprocessor directive.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Thread-local_storage"></a>7.2.20 Thread-local storage</H3>
<P>Swig correctly parses the „thread_local“ keyword. The new
C++0x thread functionalities are currently ignored.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Defaulting/deleting of standard functions on C++ objects|outline"></A>
Defaulting/deleting of standard functions on C++ objects</H2>
<P>Swig correctly parses the „= delete“ and „= default“
keywords. Swig overrides the standard C++ functions anyway (copy
constructor, operator= etc.).</P>
<H2><a name="Type long long int|outline"></a>7.13 Type long long int</H2>
<p>Swig correctly parses the "thread_local" keyword. For example, a variable
reachable by the current thread can be defined as:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct A {
thread_local int val;
};
</PRE></div>
<p>The new C++0x threading libraries are ignored because each Swig target language offers
its own threading facilities.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Defaulting/deleting_of_standard_functions_on_C++_objects"></a>7.2.21 Defaulting/deleting of standard functions on C++ objects</H3>
<P>Swig correctly parses and uses the new „long long“ type.</P>
<H2><a name="Static assertions|outline"></a>7.14 Static assertions</H2>
<p>Swig correctly parses the "= delete" and "= default"
keywords. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct NonCopyable {
NonCopyable&amp; operator=(const NonCopyable&amp;) = delete; /* Removes operator= */
NonCopyable(const NonCopyable&amp;) = delete; /* Removed copy constructor */
NonCopyable() = default; /* Explicitly allows the empty constructor */
void *operator new(std::size_t) = delete; /* Removes new NonCopyable */
};
</PRE></div>
<p>This feature is somehow specific to the C++ only. The defaulting/deleting is currently ignored, because Swig
automatically produces wrappers for special constructors and operators specific to the target language.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Type_long_long_int"></a>7.2.22 Type long long int</H3>
<P>Swig correctly parses and calls the new „static_assert“
function.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Allow sizeof to work on members of classes without an explicit object|outline"></A>
Allow sizeof to work on members of classes without an explicit object</H2>
<P>Swig correctly calls the sizeof() on types as well as on the
objects.</P>
<H2><a name="Threading facilities|outline"></a>7.15 Threading facilities</H2>
<p>Swig correctly parses and uses the new "long long" type already introduced in C99 some time ago.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Static_assertions"></a>7.2.23 Static assertions</H3>
<P>Swig does not currently wrap or use any of the new threading
classes introduced (thread, mutex, locks, condition variable, task).</P>
<H2><a name="Tuple types|outline"></a>7.16 Tuple types</H2>
<p>Swig correctly parses and calls the new "static_assert" function.</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
template &lt;typename T&gt;
struct Check {
static_assert(sizeof(int) &lt;= sizeof(T), "not big enough");
};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Allow_sizeof_to_work_on_members_of_classes_without_an_explicit_object"></a>7.2.24 Allow sizeof to work on members of classes without an explicit object</H3>
<P>Swig does not wrap tuple types yet.</P>
<H2><a name="Hash tables|outline"></a>7.17 Hash tables</H2>
<p>Swig correctly calls the sizeof() on types as well as on the
objects. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
struct A {
int member;
};
const int SIZE = sizeof(A::member); // does not work with C++03. Okay with C++0x
</PRE></div>
<p>In Python:</p>
<div class="targetlang"><PRE>
&gt;&gt;&gt; SIZE
8
</PRE></div>
<H2><a name="Cpp0x_Standard_library_changes"></a>7.3 Standard library changes</H2>
<P>Swig does not wrap the new unordered_ classes yet.</P>
<H2><a name="Regular expressions|outline"></a>7.18 Regular expressions</H2>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Threading_facilities"></a>7.3.1 Threading facilities</H3>
<P>Swig does not wrap the new C++0x regular expressions classes,
because the target language uses its own facilities for this.</P>
<H2><A NAME="General-purpose smart pointers|outline"></A>General-purpose
smart pointers</H2>
<P>Swig ignores the new shared, weak and unique smart pointers.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Extensible random number facility|outline"></A>Extensible
random number facility</H2>
<P>This feature extends the standard library core only and does not
effect the C++ language.</P>
<H2><a name="Wrapper reference|outline"></a>7.19 Wrapper reference</H2>
<p>Swig does not currently wrap or use any of the new threading
classes introduced (thread, mutex, locks, condition variable, task). The main reason is that
Swig target languages offer their own threading facilities that do not rely on the C++.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Tuple_types"></a>7.3.2 Tuple types and hash tables</H3>
<P>Swig does not wrap the new ref() function.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Polymorphous wrappers for function objects|outline"></A>Polymorphous
wrappers for function objects</H2>
<P>Swig fully supports the function templates and function objects.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Type traits for metaprogramming|outline"></A>Type traits
for metaprogramming</H2>
<P>Swig explicitly requires concrete types when using the %template
directive.</P>
<H2><A NAME="Uniform method for computing return type of function objects|outline"></A>
Uniform method for computing return type of function objects</H2>
<P>Swig does not wrap the new result_of type.</P>
<p>Swig does not wrap the new tuple types and the unordered_ classes yet. Variadic support is there so the user can
include the tuple header file and is parsed without any problems.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Regular_expressions"></a>7.3.3 Regular expressions</H3>
<p>Swig does not wrap the new C++0x regular expressions classes, because the Swig target languages use their own facilities for this.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_General-purpose_smart_pointers"></a>7.3.4 General-purpose smart pointers</H3>
<p>Swig does not wrap the new shared, weak and unique smart pointers, because the Swig target languages offer their own garbage collectors.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Extensible_random_number_facility"></a>7.3.5 Extensible random number facility</H3>
<p>This feature extends and standardizes the standard library only and does not effect the C++ language and Swig.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Wrapper_reference"></a>7.3.6 Wrapper reference</H3>
<p>The new ref and cref classes are used to instantiate a parameter as a reference of a template function. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
void f( int &amp;r ) { r++ ; }
// Template function.
template&lt; class F, class P &gt; void g( F f, P t ) { f(t); }
int main() {
int i = 0 ;
g( f, i ) ; // 'g&lt;void ( int &amp;r ), int&gt;' is instantiated
// then 'i' will not be modified.
cout &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; endl ; // Output -&gt; 0
g( f, ref(i) ) ; // 'g&lt;void(int &amp;r),reference_wrapper&lt;int&gt;&gt;' is instanced
// then 'i' will be modified.
cout &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; endl ; // Output -&gt; 1
}
</PRE></div>
<p>The ref and cref classes are not wrapped by Swig because the Swig target languages do not support referencing.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Polymorphous_wrappers_for_function_objects"></a>7.3.7 Polymorphous wrappers for function objects</H3>
<p>Swig fully supports the function template wrappers and function objects:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
function&lt;int ( int, int )&gt; pF; // function template wrapper
struct Test {
bool operator()( short x, short y ); // function object
};
</PRE></div>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Type_traits_for_metaprogramming"></a>7.3.8 Type traits for metaprogramming</H3>
<p>The new C++ metaprogramming is useful at compile time and is aimed specifically for the C++ development:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
// First way of operating.
template&lt; bool B &gt; struct algorithm {
template&lt; class T1, class T2 &gt; int do_it( T1&amp;, T2&amp; ) { /*...*/ }
};
// Second way of operating.
template&lt;&gt; struct algorithm&lt;true&gt; {
template&lt; class T1, class T2 &gt; int do_it( T1, T2 ) { /*...*/ }
};
// Instantiating 'elaborate' will automatically instantiate the correct way to operate.
template&lt; class T1, class T2 &gt; int elaborate( T1 A, T2 B ) {
// Use the second way only if 'T1' is an integer and if 'T2' is
// in floating point, otherwise use the first way.
return algorithm&lt; is_integral&lt;T1&gt;::value &amp;&amp; is_floating_point&lt;T2&gt;::value &gt;::do_it( A, B );
}
</PRE></div>
<p>Swig correctly parses the template specialization, template types and values inside the &lt;&gt; block and the new helper functions is_convertible, is_integral, is_const etc.
However, Swig still explicitly requires concrete types when using the %template directive, so the C++ metaprogramming features are not really interesting at runtime in Swig target languages.</p>
<H3><a name="Cpp0x_Uniform_method_for_computing_return_type_of_function_objects"></a>7.3.9 Uniform method for computing return type of function objects</H3>
<p>Swig does not wrap the new result_of class introduced in the &lt;functional&gt; header and map the result_of::type to the concrete type yet. For example:</p>
<div class="code"><PRE>
%inline %{
#include &lt;functional&gt;
double square(double x) {
return (x * x);
}
template&lt;class Fun, class Arg&gt;
typename std::result_of&lt;Fun(Arg)&gt;::type test_result_impl(Fun fun, Arg arg) {
return fun(arg);
}
%}
%template(test_result) test_result_impl&lt;double(*)(double), double&gt;;
%constant double (*SQUARE)(double) = square;
</PRE></div>
<p>will result in:</p>
<div class="targetlang"><PRE>
&gt;&gt;&gt; test_result_impl(SQUARE, 5.0)
&lt;Swig Object of type 'std::result_of&lt; Fun(Arg) &gt;::type *' at 0x7faf99ed8a50&gt;
</PRE></div>
<p>User should use decltype() where possible for now.</p>
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