Added a simple example where the current universal

Java wrapping mechanism doesn't work, showing the
need to use a different way to wrap polymorphic classes.

They are two runtime examples: one for java, which is
failing, and one for python, which works fine.

Detailed description of the case can be found
in the three files committed.


git-svn-id: https://swig.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/swig/trunk@5582 626c5289-ae23-0410-ae9c-e8d60b6d4f22

SWIG/Examples/test-suite/java/virtual_poly_runme.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// virtual_poly test
+
+import virtual_poly.*;
+
+public class virtual_poly_runme {
+
+  static {
+    try {
+	System.loadLibrary("virtual_poly");
+    } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+      System.err.println("Native code library failed to load. See the chapter on Dynamic Linking Problems in the SWIG Java documentation for help.\n" + e);
+      System.exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String argv[]) {
+
+    NDouble d = new NDouble(3.5);
+    NInt i = new NInt(2);
+
+    //
+    // These two natural 'copy' forms fail, only java and csharp
+    // because no polymorphic return types are supported. 
+    // But we can live with this restriction, more or less.
+    //
+    // NDouble dc = d.copy();
+    // NInt ic = i.copy();
+
+    //
+    // These two 'copy' forms work, but we end  with plain NNumbers
+    //
+    NNumber dc = d.copy();
+    NNumber ic = i.copy();
+
+    //
+    // The real problem is that there is no way to recover the 
+    // original NInt or NDouble objects, even when you try
+    // to use the plain and natural C++ dynamic_cast operations, 
+    // since they fail:
+    //
+    NDouble ddc = virtual_poly.NDouble_dynamic_cast(dc);
+    NInt idc = virtual_poly.NInt_dynamic_cast(dc);
+  }
+}

SWIG/Examples/test-suite/python/virtual_poly_runme.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import virtual_poly
+
+
+d = virtual_poly.NDouble(3.5)
+i = virtual_poly.NInt(2)
+
+dc = d.copy()
+ic = i.copy()
+
+if d.get() != dc.get():
+  raise RuntimeError
+
+if i.get() != ic.get():
+  raise RuntimeError
+
+
+ddc = virtual_poly.NDouble_dynamic_cast(dc)
+if d.get() != ddc.get():
+  raise RuntimeError

SWIG/Examples/test-suite/virtual_poly.i

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+%module virtual_poly
+
+
+%inline %{  
+  struct NNumber
+  {
+    virtual ~NNumber() {};
+    virtual NNumber* copy() const = 0;
+  };
+  
+  /* 
+     NInt and NDouble are both NNumber derivated classes, but they
+     have more different than common attributes.
+     
+     In particular the function 'get', that is type dependent, can't
+     be included in the NNumber abstract interface.
+
+     For this reason, the virtual 'copy' function has a polymorphic
+     return type, since in most of the cases we don't want to lost the
+     original object type, which is very very important.
+
+     Using the polymorphic return type reduced greatly the need of
+     using 'dynamic_cast' at the C++ side, and at the target languages
+     that support it. Python is a target language that support
+     this feature, Java and Csharp don't.
+     
+   */
+  struct NInt : NNumber
+  {
+    NInt(int v) : val(v) 
+    {
+    }
+    
+    int get() const
+    {
+      return val;
+    }
+    
+    virtual NInt* copy() const
+    {
+      return new NInt(val);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int val;
+  };
+
+  struct NDouble : NNumber
+  {
+    NDouble(double v) : val(v) 
+    {
+    }
+    
+    double get() const
+    {
+      return val;
+    }
+    
+    virtual NDouble* copy() const
+    {
+      return new NDouble(val);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    double val;
+  };
+
+  /*
+     Java (and csharp) can not support the polymorphic return type for
+     'copy'. So, it just emit 'plain' copy functions for all the cases:
+    
+      NNumber* NNumber::copy() const;
+      NNumber* NInt::copy() const;  
+      NNumber* NDouble::copy() const;
+    
+     In the last two cases, the original 'NInt' and 'NDouble' return
+     types are lost in the target side. This seems to be a restriction
+     of the language (strongly typed and 'by value' oriented), and
+     there is not much that can be done to work it around.
+    
+     However, to improve the situation, and to be able to recover the
+     original data types, we try adding 'dynamic_cast' interfaces in
+     the target language sides. This is a natural mechanism since is
+     exactly the same you will do in the C++ side if is needed.
+  */
+  inline NInt* NInt_dynamic_cast(NNumber* n) {
+    return dynamic_cast<NInt*>(n);
+  }  
+  
+  inline NDouble* NDouble_dynamic_cast(NNumber* n) {
+    return dynamic_cast<NDouble*>(n);
+  } 
+  
+  /*
+     but they don't work either in Java (see the
+     java/virtual_poly_runme.java file), because of the current way
+     polymorphic types are wrapped. Using the wrapping method employed
+     with directors (which are also polymorphic types) should allows
+     to use the C++ dynamic_cast and recover the original types at the
+     Java side.  And to do that, it is necessary to identify which
+     classes are polymorphic (the "polymorphic" attribute does that)
+     and apply the proper wrapping mechanism.
+    
+     The dynamic_cast interfaces added to this module, currently work
+     great in languages like python, but in there the polymorphic
+     return type also works, so, you are not forced to use them as a
+     fixing mechanism (see the python/virtual_poly_runme.py file).
+  */
+%}