SWIG is a software development tool that connects programs written in C and C++ with a variety of high-level programming languages.
http://www.swig.org
959e627208
The scoping rules around %template have been specified and enforced.
The %template directive for a class template is the equivalent to an
explicit instantiation of a C++ class template. The scope for a valid
%template instantiation is now the same as the scope required for a
valid explicit instantiation of a C++ template. A definition of the
template for the explicit instantiation must be in scope where the
instantiation is declared and must not be enclosed within a different
namespace.
For example, a few %template and explicit instantiations of std::vector
are shown below:
// valid
namespace std {
%template(vin) vector<int>;
template class vector<int>;
}
// valid
using namespace std;
%template(vin) vector<int>;
template class vector<int>;
// valid
using std::vector;
%template(vin) vector<int>;
template class vector<int>;
// ill-formed
namespace unrelated {
using std::vector;
%template(vin) vector<int>;
template class vector<int>;
}
// ill-formed
namespace unrelated {
using namespace std;
%template(vin) vector<int>;
template class vector<int>;
}
// ill-formed
namespace unrelated {
namespace std {
%template(vin) vector<int>;
template class vector<int>;
}
}
// ill-formed
namespace unrelated {
%template(vin) std::vector<int>;
template class std::vector<int>;
}
When the scope is incorrect, an error now occurs such as:
cpp_template_scope.i:34: Error: 'vector' resolves to 'std::vector' and
was incorrectly instantiated in scope 'unrelated' instead of within scope 'std'.
Previously SWIG accepted the ill-formed examples above but this led to
numerous subtle template scope problems especially in the presence of
using declarations and using directives as well as with %feature and %typemap.
Actually, a valid instantiation is one which conforms to the C++03
standard as C++11 made a change to disallow using declarations and
using directives to find a template.
// valid C++03, ill-formed C++11
using std::vector;
template class vector<int>;
Similar fixes for defining classes using forward class references have
also been put in place. For example:
namespace Space1 {
struct A;
}
namespace Space2 {
struct Space1::A {
void x();
}
}
will now error out with:
cpp_class_definition.i:5: Error: 'Space1::A' resolves to 'Space1::A' and
was incorrectly instantiated in scope 'Space2' instead of within scope 'Space1'.
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| Doc | ||
| Examples | ||
| Lib | ||
| Source | ||
| Tools | ||
| vms | ||
| Win | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .travis.yml | ||
| ANNOUNCE | ||
| appveyor.yml | ||
| autogen.sh | ||
| CHANGES | ||
| CHANGES.current | ||
| configure.ac | ||
| COPYRIGHT | ||
| INSTALL | ||
| LICENSE | ||
| LICENSE-GPL | ||
| LICENSE-UNIVERSITIES | ||
| Makefile.in | ||
| preinst-swig.in | ||
| README | ||
| RELEASENOTES | ||
| swig.spec.in | ||
| TODO | ||
SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator)
Version: 4.0.0 (in progress)
Tagline: SWIG is a compiler that integrates C and C++ with languages
including Perl, Python, Tcl, Ruby, PHP, Java, C#, D, Go, Lua,
Octave, R, Scheme (Guile, MzScheme/Racket, CHICKEN), Scilab,
Ocaml, Modula-3, Common Lisp (CLISP, Allegro CL, CFFI, UFFI)
and Pike. SWIG can also export its parse tree into XML and
Lisp s-expressions.
SWIG reads annotated C/C++ header files and creates wrapper code (glue
code) in order to make the corresponding C/C++ libraries available to
the listed languages, or to extend C/C++ programs with a scripting
language.
Up-to-date SWIG related information can be found at
http://www.swig.org
A SWIG FAQ and other hints can be found on the SWIG Wiki:
https://github.com/swig/swig/wiki
License
=======
Please see the LICENSE file for details of the SWIG license. For
further insight into the license including the license of SWIG's
output code, please visit
http://www.swig.org/legal.html
Release Notes
=============
Please see the CHANGES.current file for a detailed list of bug fixes and
new features for the current release. The CHANGES file contains bug fixes
and new features for older versions. A summary of changes in each release
can be found in the RELEASENOTES file.
Documentation
=============
The Doc/Manual directory contains the most recent set of updated
documentation for this release. The documentation is available in
three different formats, each of which contains identical content.
These format are, pdf (Doc/Manual/SWIGDocumentation.pdf), single
page html (Doc/Manual/SWIGDocumentation.html) or multiple page html
(other files in Doc/Manual). Please select your chosen format and
copy/install to wherever takes your fancy.
There is some technical developer documentation available in the
Doc/Devel subdirectory. This is not necessarily up-to-date, but it
has some information on SWIG internals.
Documentation is also online at http://www.swig.org/doc.html.
Backwards Compatibility
=======================
The developers strive their best to preserve backwards compatibility
between releases, but this is not always possible as the overriding
aim is to provide the best wrapping experience. Where backwards
compatibility is known to be broken, it is clearly marked as an
incompatibility in the CHANGES and CHANGES.current files.
See the documentation for details of the SWIG_VERSION preprocessor
symbol if you have backward compatibility issues and need to use more
than one version of SWIG.
Installation
============
Please read the Doc/Manual/Preface.html#Preface_installation for
full installation instructions for Windows, Unix and Mac OS X
using the release tarball/zip file. The INSTALL file has generic
build and installation instructions for Unix users.
Users wishing to build and install code from Github should
visit http://swig.org/svn.html to obtain the more detailed
instructions required for building code obtained from Github - extra
steps are required compared to building from the release tarball.
Testing
=======
The typical 'make -k check' can be performed on Unix operating systems.
Please read Doc/Manual/Preface.html#Preface_testing for details.
Examples
========
The Examples directory contains a variety of examples of using SWIG
and it has some browsable documentation. Simply point your browser to
the file "Example/index.html".
The Examples directory also includes Visual C++ project 6 (.dsp) files for
building some of the examples on Windows. Later versions of Visual Studio
will convert these old style project files into a current solution file.
Known Issues
============
There are minor known bugs, details of which are in the bug tracker, see
http://www.swig.org/bugs.html.
Troubleshooting
===============
In order to operate correctly, SWIG relies upon a set of library
files. If after building SWIG, you get error messages like this,
$ swig foo.i
:1. Unable to find 'swig.swg'
:3. Unable to find 'tcl8.swg'
it means that SWIG has either been incorrectly configured or
installed. To fix this:
1. Make sure you remembered to do a 'make install' and that
the installation actually worked. Make sure you have
write permission on the install directory.
2. If that doesn't work, type 'swig -swiglib' to find out
where SWIG thinks its library is located.
3. If the location is not where you expect, perhaps
you supplied a bad option to configure. Use
./configure --prefix=pathname to set the SWIG install
location. Also, make sure you don't include a shell
escape character such as ~ when you specify the path.
4. The SWIG library can be changed by setting the SWIG_LIB
environment variable. However, you really shouldn't
have to do this.
If you are having other troubles, you might look at the SWIG Wiki at
https://github.com/swig/swig/wiki.
Participate!
============
Please report any errors and submit patches (if possible)! We only
have access to a limited variety of hardware (Linux, Solaris, OS-X,
and Windows). All contributions help.
If you would like to join the SWIG development team or contribute a
language module to the distribution, please contact the swig-devel
mailing list, details at http://www.swig.org/mail.html.
-- The SWIG Maintainers