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README.md
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README.md
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# traceroute
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Traceroute is a Python script that allows you to get traceroute results with associated geolocation information for each hop for a specified host from geographically distant source(s).
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## Installation
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Save traceroute.py into a directory with its path stored in your PYTHONPATH environment variable.
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## Usage
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Try the following from your Python interpreter:
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>>> from traceroute import Traceroute
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>>> traceroute = Traceroute(ip_address='8.8.8.8')
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>>> hops = traceroute.traceroute()
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>>> hops
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[{'latitude': 40.3756, 'rtt': '0.862 ms', 'ip_address': '128.112.128.114', 'longitude': -74.6597, 'hop_num': 1}, {'latitude': 40.3756, 'rtt': '0.462 ms', 'ip_address': '128.112.12.22', 'longitude': -74.6597, 'hop_num': 2}, {'latitude': 40.3265, 'rtt': '8.374 ms', 'ip_address': '24.104.128.89', 'longitude': -75.3697, 'hop_num': 3}, {'latitude': 38.0, 'rtt': '21.010 ms', 'ip_address': '68.86.84.177', 'longitude': -97.0, 'hop_num': 4}, {'latitude': 38.0, 'rtt': '12.218 ms', 'ip_address': '68.86.86.70', 'longitude': -97.0, 'hop_num': 5}, {'latitude': 38.0, 'rtt': '31.103 ms', 'ip_address': '75.149.231.62', 'longitude': -97.0, 'hop_num': 6}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '14.752 ms', 'ip_address': '209.85.252.80', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 7}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '18.437 ms', 'ip_address': '72.14.238.18', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 9}, {'latitude': 37.4192008972168, 'rtt': '18.610 ms', 'ip_address': '72.14.238.70', 'longitude': -122.05740356445312, 'hop_num': 9}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '16.696 ms', 'ip_address': '72.14.238.18', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 9}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '24.441 ms', 'ip_address': '72.14.232.21', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 10}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '13.925 ms', 'ip_address': '216.239.49.149', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 10}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '19.800 ms', 'ip_address': '72.14.232.21', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 10}, {'latitude': 37.4192, 'rtt': '14.144 ms', 'ip_address': '8.8.8.8', 'longitude': -122.0574, 'hop_num': 11}]
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>>> import json
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>>> json.dumps(hops, indent=2)
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'[\n {\n "latitude": 40.3756, \n "rtt": "0.862 ms", \n "ip_address": "128.112.128.114", \n "longitude": -74.6597, \n "hop_num": 1\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 40.3756, \n "rtt": "0.462 ms", \n "ip_address": "128.112.12.22", \n "longitude": -74.6597, \n "hop_num": 2\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 40.3265, \n "rtt": "8.374 ms", \n "ip_address": "24.104.128.89", \n "longitude": -75.3697, \n "hop_num": 3\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 38.0, \n "rtt": "21.010 ms", \n "ip_address": "68.86.84.177", \n "longitude": -97.0, \n "hop_num": 4\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 38.0, \n "rtt": "12.218 ms", \n "ip_address": "68.86.86.70", \n "longitude": -97.0, \n "hop_num": 5\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 38.0, \n "rtt": "31.103 ms", \n "ip_address": "75.149.231.62", \n "longitude": -97.0, \n "hop_num": 6\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "14.752 ms", \n "ip_address": "209.85.252.80", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 7\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "18.437 ms", \n "ip_address": "72.14.238.18", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 9\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192008972168, \n "rtt": "18.610 ms", \n "ip_address": "72.14.238.70", \n "longitude": -122.05740356445312, \n "hop_num": 9\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "16.696 ms", \n "ip_address": "72.14.238.18", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 9\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "24.441 ms", \n "ip_address": "72.14.232.21", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 10\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "13.925 ms", \n "ip_address": "216.239.49.149", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 10\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "19.800 ms", \n "ip_address": "72.14.232.21", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 10\n }, \n {\n "latitude": 37.4192, \n "rtt": "14.144 ms", \n "ip_address": "8.8.8.8", \n "longitude": -122.0574, \n "hop_num": 11\n }\n]'
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>>>
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You can also run the script directly by passing in the --ip_address option:
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$ python traceroute.py --ip_address=8.8.8.8
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[
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{
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"latitude": 40.3756,
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"rtt": "0.862 ms",
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"ip_address": "128.112.128.114",
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"longitude": -74.6597,
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"hop_num": 1
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},
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{
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"latitude": 40.3756,
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"rtt": "0.462 ms",
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"ip_address": "128.112.12.22",
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"longitude": -74.6597,
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"hop_num": 2
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},
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{
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"latitude": 40.3265,
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"rtt": "8.374 ms",
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"ip_address": "24.104.128.89",
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"longitude": -75.3697,
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"hop_num": 3
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},
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{
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"latitude": 38.0,
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"rtt": "21.010 ms",
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"ip_address": "68.86.84.177",
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"longitude": -97.0,
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"hop_num": 4
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},
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{
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"latitude": 38.0,
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"rtt": "12.218 ms",
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"ip_address": "68.86.86.70",
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"longitude": -97.0,
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"hop_num": 5
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},
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{
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"latitude": 38.0,
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"rtt": "31.103 ms",
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"ip_address": "75.149.231.62",
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"longitude": -97.0,
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"hop_num": 6
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "14.752 ms",
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"ip_address": "209.85.252.80",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 7
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "18.437 ms",
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"ip_address": "72.14.238.18",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 9
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192008972168,
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"rtt": "18.610 ms",
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"ip_address": "72.14.238.70",
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"longitude": -122.05740356445312,
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"hop_num": 9
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "16.696 ms",
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"ip_address": "72.14.238.18",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 9
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "24.441 ms",
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"ip_address": "72.14.232.21",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 10
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "13.925 ms",
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"ip_address": "216.239.49.149",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 10
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "19.800 ms",
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"ip_address": "72.14.232.21",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 10
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},
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{
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"latitude": 37.4192,
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"rtt": "14.144 ms",
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"ip_address": "8.8.8.8",
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"longitude": -122.0574,
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"hop_num": 11
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}
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]
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traceroute.py
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traceroute.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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traceroute - Get traceroute results with associated geolocation information
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for each hop for a specified host from geographically distant source(s).
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"""
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__author__ = 'Dazzlepod (info@dazzlepod.com)'
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__copyright__ = 'Copyright (c) 2013 Dazzlepod'
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__version__ = '$Revision: #7 $'
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import datetime
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import json
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import optparse
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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import urllib
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import urllib2
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from multiprocessing import Process
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from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
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class Traceroute(object):
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"""Traceroute instance."""
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def __init__(self, ip_address='8.8.8.8', debug=False):
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super(Traceroute, self).__init__()
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self.ip_address = ip_address
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self.debug = debug
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# cache geocoded IP addresses during the lifetime of this instance
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self.locations = {}
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def traceroute(self):
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"""Instead of running the actual traceroute command, we will fetch
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standard traceroute results from several publicly available webpages
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that are listed at traceroute.org.
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For each hop, we will then attach geolocation information to it."""
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self.print_debug("ip_address = %s" % self.ip_address)
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if not os.path.exists('%s.txt' % self.ip_address):
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(status_code, traceroute) = self.get_traceroute_output()
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f = open('%s.txt' % self.ip_address, 'w')
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f.write(traceroute)
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f.close()
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traceroute = open('%s.txt' % self.ip_address, 'r').read()
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# hops = dicts with keys: hop_num, hosts
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hops = self.get_hops(traceroute)
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# hops = dicts with keys: hop_num, hostname, ip_address, rtt
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hops = self.get_formatted_hops(hops)
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# hops = dicts with keys: hop_num, hostname, ip_address, rtt, location
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hops = self.get_geocoded_hops(hops)
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# hops = dicts with keys: hop_num, ip_address, latitude, longitude, rtt
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hops = self.get_stripped_hops(hops)
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return hops
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def get_traceroute_output(self):
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"""Fetch traceroute output from a webpage."""
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# Example from traceroute.org
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url = "http://www.net.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/traceroute.pl"
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(status_code, response) = self.urlopen(url, context = {'target': self.ip_address})
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pattern = re.compile(r'<pre.*?>(?P<traceroute>.*?)</pre>', re.DOTALL|re.IGNORECASE)
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traceroute = re.findall(pattern, response)[0].strip()
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return (status_code, traceroute)
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def get_hops(self, traceroute):
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"""Get hops from a traceroute output and return the hops in an array
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of dicts each representing hop number and the associated hosts data."""
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hops = []
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lines = traceroute.split('\n')
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for line in lines:
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line = line.strip()
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hop = {}
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if not line: continue
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try:
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hop = re.match(r'^(?P<hop_num>\d+)(?P<hosts>.*?)$', line).groupdict()
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except AttributeError:
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continue
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self.print_debug(hop)
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hops.append(hop)
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return hops
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def get_formatted_hops(self, hops):
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"""hosts data from get_hops() is represented in a single string.
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We use this function to better represent the hosts data in a dict."""
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formatted_hops = []
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for hop in hops:
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hop_num = int(hop['hop_num'].strip())
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hosts = hop['hosts'].replace(' ', ' ').strip()
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# Using re.findall(), first we split the hosts, then for each host we store a tuple containing hostname, IP address and the first round-trip time
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# [('<HOSTNAME>', '<IP_ADDRESS>', '<RTT1> ms'), ('<HOSTNAME_N>', '<IP_ADDRESS_N>', '<RTT1_N> ms')]
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hosts = re.findall(r'(?P<hostname>[\w.-]+) \((?P<ip_address>[\d.]+)\) (?P<rtt>\d{1,4}.\d{1,4} ms)', hosts)
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for host in hosts:
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hop_context = {
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'hop_num': hop_num,
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'hostname': host[0],
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'ip_address': host[1],
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'rtt': host[2],
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}
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self.print_debug(hop_context)
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formatted_hops.append(hop_context)
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return formatted_hops
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def get_geocoded_hops(self, hops):
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"""Return hops from get_formatted_hops() with geolocation information
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for each hop."""
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for hop in hops:
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ip_address = hop['ip_address']
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location = None
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if self.locations.has_key(ip_address):
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location = self.locations[ip_address]
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else:
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location = self.get_location(ip_address)
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self.locations[ip_address] = location
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hop['location'] = location
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return hops
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def get_stripped_hops(self, hops):
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""" Return hops from get_geocoded_hops() with each dict containing
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data ready for plotting with e.g. Google Maps JavaScript API."""
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stripped_hops = []
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for hop in hops:
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if hop['location']:
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lat = hop['location']['latitude']
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lon = hop['location']['longitude']
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stripped_hops.append({
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'hop_num': hop['hop_num'],
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'ip_address': hop['ip_address'],
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'latitude': lat,
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'longitude': lon,
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'rtt': hop['rtt'],
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})
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return stripped_hops
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def get_location(self, ip_address):
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"""Return geolocation information for the specified IP address, e.g.:
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{"ip": "75.126.24.77",
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"hostname": "web365.webfaction.com",
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"isp": "SoftLayer Technologies",
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"organization": "Client Intellect",
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"country": "United States",
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"region": "Texas",
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"city": "Dallas",
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"latitude": 32.9299,
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"longitude": -96.8353}
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"""
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location = None
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url = "https://dazzlepod.com/ip/%s.json" % ip_address
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(status_code, json_data) = self.urlopen(url)
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if status_code == 200 and json_data:
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tmp_location = json.loads(json_data)
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if tmp_location.has_key('latitude') and tmp_location.has_key('longitude'):
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location = tmp_location
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return location
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def urlopen(self, url, context = None):
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"""Perform HTTP GET/POST on the specified URL and return the resultant
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status code and response.
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"""
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status_code = 200
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request = urllib2.Request(url = url)
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if context:
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data = urllib.urlencode(context)
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request.add_data(data)
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response = ''
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try:
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response = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
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except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
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status_code = e.code
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except urllib2.URLError:
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pass
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try:
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self.urlopen_count += 1
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except AttributeError:
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self.urlopen_count = 1
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self.print_debug("[%d] url = %s, status_code = %d" % (self.urlopen_count, url, status_code))
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return (status_code, response)
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def print_debug(self, msg):
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"""Print debug message to standard output."""
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if self.debug:
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print "[DEBUG %s] %s" % (datetime.datetime.now(), msg)
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def main():
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usage = """%prog --ip_address=IP_ADDRESS"""
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cmdparser = optparse.OptionParser(usage, version=("traceroute " + __version__))
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cmdparser.add_option("-i", "--ip_address", type="string", default="", help="IP address of destination host")
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cmdparser.add_option("-d", "--debug", action="store_true", default=False, help="Show debug output")
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(options, args) = cmdparser.parse_args()
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if options.ip_address:
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traceroute = Traceroute(ip_address=options.ip_address, debug=options.debug)
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hops = traceroute.traceroute()
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hops = json.dumps(hops, indent=2)
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print hops
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else:
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cmdparser.print_usage()
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return 0
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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sys.exit(main())
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