* Resolve things raised in https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/10081 ?
CDF is a standard ident in all things related to random numbers/sampling,
and full words "cumulativeDistributionFunction" would be silly long, in
this case, IMO. We use lowercase `cdf` to make it not look like a type,
remove all looping from `sample` letting callers do it. Besides just
side-stepping any `sampleSize` name choice, callers may want to filter
out samples anyway which this makes slightly simpler.
Also add two variants of `cumsum`, value return and in-place update
distinguished by the var-ness of the first argument. Add tests for
`int` and `float` for both `cumsum` and the new `sample`. (The sample
tests exercise the value return mode of `cumsum`.)
Functionality pre-this-PR `sample(a, w)` is now the almost as simple
`for i in 0..<n: sample(a, w.cumsum)`, but this new code factoring is
almost surely better. The statistical tests pass, as before.
* Address Araq comment in https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/pull/10084
We can always add in some `var` version later if desired to save
memory, but this change now at least firms up the `sample` interface.
* Rename `cumsum` -> `cumsummed` to honor NEP1 style. Re-instate `cumsum` as
the in-place transformation. Test both in `tests/stdlib/tmath.nim` and use
`cumsummed` in the example code for sample since that's a simpler example.
* Fix requests from https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/pull/10084 :
example in lib/pure/math.nim and comment whitespace in lib/pure/random.nim
* posix_other: Haiku now has spawn.h
This is added per https://dev.haiku-os.org/ticket/13446
* posix_other: Add Haiku specific Dirent members
* cpuinfo: Add an implementation for Haiku
* distros: Add basic Haiku support
* encodings: update Haiku support
* fenv, math: Haiku now provides libm
* times: Add Haiku struct members
* ansi_c, osalloc: Add Haiku constants
* threads: Add Haiku support
* testament: Haiku uses LIBRARY_PATH
* nim.cfg: Update Haiku support
libnetwork should only be linked if network functions are used
* threads: Haiku does not support -pthread switch
* tworkingdir: Haiku's env is in /bin
* posix_other: add SIGKILLTHR for Haiku
* sockets: link with libnetwork on Haiku
* coro: correct ucontext.h location
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696699/basedefs/ucontext.h.html
* coro: ucontext backend is not available on Haiku
Haiku doesn't provide the <ucontext.h> header, as it was removed from POSIX
* coro: fix setjmp backend
The compiler does not allow statements after a noreturn function
* nativesockets: Haiku doesn't support AI_V4MAPPED
* system: hostOS can contains "haiku"
* os: add support for Haiku's packagefs
packagefs is read-only, but there are writable holes to the underlying
file system as well
* os: update constant for Haiku
* Add secant, cosecant and cotangent.
* Add hyperbolic functions of cotangent, secant and cosecant.
* Add inverse hyperbolic functions.
* Change to use defined function of C and JS.
* Bug fix and refactoring.
* Add change to changelog.md
* Faster binary gcd algorithm.
* Use built in countTrailingZeroBits to calculate gcd.
* Add definitions of gcd for integers and other types.
* Unified signed case and unsinged case in one proc by using when syntax.
* Change to faster one.
Microsoft Visual C++ compilers prior to 2012 do not implement the 'round', 'roundl' or 'roundf' functions.
This change is fixes this. Tested it with MSVC 2010.
This also involved moving some functions around to get the hierarchy correct and the documentation for frexp was modified such that it was clear that it can return a float in either the range [-1, -0.5] or [0.5, 1].
